生物制氢技术的研究进展与应用前景

氢气作为一种清洁的、可更新的能源，正被进一步发展与利用。生物制氢技术与其他制氢方法相比，具有无污染、成本低、可再生等优点，受到广泛的关注。在综述了目前国内外生物制氢技术各个方面的研究进展和成果的基础上，详细描述前景。了光合产氢细菌及厌氧发酵产氢细菌等主要产氢生物的产氢机制，分析了面临的问题，论述了研究的发展方向和应用     

昆钢制氢站二次净化系统的优化改进

针对昆钢动力能源分公司制氢站建成投产后出现的环保污染和所带来的生产运行问题,对制氢系统原装置技术存在问题进行分析,提出优化改进方案,并对实施后的效果、环境效益、经济效益等进行分析。优化方案的实施彻底解决了制氢站建成后产生的环保污染问题。     

CSTR系统发酵产氢细菌群落动态与产氢能力关系解析

将CSTR系统内pH由4.2一次性提高至6.0左右,启动发酵类型的转化,研究了转化过程系统内的产氢动态和细菌群落.结果表明,在有机负荷维持在（33±1）kg/(m³·d)的情况下,发酵类型10 d内未发生改变,产氢量8 d内未降低,15 d后系统内种群由乙醇型转化为丁酸型,进水碱度由250 mg/L增至2 450　mg/L.研究中利用荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对反应系统内3类微生物群进行监测发现,在转化过程中Clostridium cluster XI数量增加,Clostridium cluster Ⅰ 和Ⅱ数量减少,而Enterobacteriaceae始终存在,变化不明显.种群的消长同反应系统产氢能力的高低存在密切关联,以Clostridium cluster Ⅰ和Ⅱ占优势的乙醇型发酵具有更佳的产氢能力,平均比产氢速率为23.6 mol/(kg·d).     

Continuous biohydrogen production from diluted molasses in an anaerobic contact reactor

An anaerobic contact reactor (ACR) system comprising a continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with settler to decouple the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from solids retention time (SRT) was developed for fermentative hydrogen production from diluted molasses by mixed microbial cultures. The ACR was operated at various volumetric loading rates (VLRs) of 20–44 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1 with constant HRT of 6 h under mesophilic conditions of 35°C. The SRT was maintained at about 46–50 h in the system. At the initial VLR of 20 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1, the hydrogen production rate dropped from 22.6 to 1.58 L·d^-1 as the hydrogen was consumed by the hydrogentrophic methanogen. After increasing the VLR to 28 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1 and discharging the sludge for 6 consecutive times, the hydrogentrophic methanogens were eliminated, and the hydrogen content reached 36.4%. As the VLR was increased to 44 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1, the hydrogen production rate and hydrogen yield increased to 42.1 L·d^-1 and 1.40 mol H₂·molglucose-consumed^-1, respectively. The results showed that a stable ethanol-type fermentation that favored hydrogen production in the reactor was thus established with the sludge loading rate (SLR) of 2.0–2.5 kgCOD·kgMLVSS^-1·d^-1. It was found that the ethanol increased more than other liquid fermentation products, and the ethanol/acetic acid (mol/mol) ratio increased from 1.27 to 2.45 when the VLR increased from 28 to 44 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1, whereas the hydrogen composition decreased from 40.4% to 36.4%. The results suggested that the anaerobic contact reactor was a promising bioprocess for fermentative hydrogen production.     

Fermentative hydrogen production from beet sugar factory wastewater treatment in a continuous stirred tank reactor using anaerobic mixed consortia

A low pH, ethanol-type fermentation process was evaluated for wastewater treatment and bio-hydrogen production from acidic beet sugar factory wastewater in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with an effective volume of 9.6 L by anaerobic mixed cultures in this present study. After inoculating with aerobic activated sludge and operating at organic loading rate (OLR) of 12 kgCOD?m^-3·d^-1, HRT of 8h, and temperature of 35°C for 28 days, the CSTR achieved stable ethanol-type fermentation. When OLR was further increased to 18 kgCOD?m^-3·d^-1 on the 53rd day, ethanol-type fermentation dominant microflora was enhanced. The liquid fermentation products, including volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ethanol, stabilized at 1493 mg·L^-1 in the bioreactor. Effluent pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and alkalinity ranged at 4.1–4.5, -250–(-290) mV, and 230–260 mgCaCO₃?L^-1. The specific hydrogen production rate of anaerobic activated sludge was 0.1 L?gMLVSS^-1·d^-1 and the COD removal efficiency was 45%. The experimental results showed that the CSTR system had good operation stability and microbial activity, which led to high substrate conversion rate and hydrogen production ability.     

应用Modified Gompertz模型对城市生活垃圾沼气发酵的拟合研究

尽管Modified Gompertz模型与料菌比和发酵浓度之间没有直接的函数和变量关系,但是料菌比和浓度的变化必然导致Modified Gompertz模型参数的改变,因此可以通过Modified Gompertz模型参数的变化特征对料菌比和发酵浓度是否适宜作出合理的评价.据此本研究将采用中温批量发酵,分别设计单因素...     

缓冲体系对厌氧发酵生物产氢的影响

为了研究碳酸盐和磷酸盐缓冲对于厌氧发酵从葡萄糖中制取H2的影响,将经过热处理的初级消化污泥接种到不同浓度碳酸盐和磷酸盐基质中进行厌氧发酵产氢实验.实验结果表明,碳酸盐和磷酸盐的缓冲对于厌氧发酵制氢有较大影响.当NaHCO3,浓度为4 g·L-1时,每1 mol葡萄糖的产氢量达到最大,最大值为1.68 mol,这比不加NaHCO3时的产氢量提高了282%.磷酸盐的浓度对于厌氧发酵产氢也有较大影响.在NaHCO3浓度为4 g·L-1,NaH2PO4·2H2O和K2HPO4·3H2O浓度均为500 mg·L-1时,葡萄糖的产氢率可达到1.94 mol·mo1-1,这比不加入磷酸盐时提高了56%.实验中产氢一般从接种后12 h开始,历时10 h左右结束,最大产氢速率可达到0.44 mol·h-1·mol-1·     

一株高效产氢突变体RF-9的筛选与产氢特性

以从连续流搅拌槽式反应器(CSTR)内的活性污泥中分离出的厌氧产氢菌Ethanologenens sp.ZGX4为出发菌株,经过紫外线和亚硝酸复合诱变,从大量的突变体中筛选出一株稳定的高效产氢菌株RF-9.磷酸盐浓度在120mmol/L、温度37℃、初始pH6.0、葡萄糖浓度10g/L培养条件下,RF-9的单位体积产氢量和氢气产率为139.7mmol/L和2.52mol H2/mol葡萄糖,分别是对照的1.50倍和1.43倍.在发酵时间为15h、pH4.1、细胞干重0.722g/L时,RF-9获得其最大产氢速率345mLH₂/(h·L),是对照ZGX4的1.41倍.RF-9的主要液相末端产物为乙醇和乙酸,为典型的乙醇发酵细菌,与对照相似.     

Effects of nitrate concentration on biological hydrogen production by mixed cultures

The effects of nitrate on fermentative hydrogen production and soluble metabolites from mixed cultures were investigated by varying nitrate concentrations from 0 to 10 g N/L at 35°C with an initial pH of 7.0. The results showed that the substrate degradation rate, hydrogen production potential, hydrogen yield, and average hydrogen production rate initially increased with increasing nitrate concentrations from 0 to 0.1 g N/L, while they decreased with increasing nitrate concentrations from 0.1 to 10 g N/L. The maximum hydrogen production potential of 305.0 mL, maximum hydrogen yield of 313.1 mL/g glucose, and maximum average hydrogen production rate of 13.3 mL/h were obtained at a nitrate concentration of 0.1 g N/L. The soluble metabolites produced by the mixed cultures contained only ethanol and acetic acid (HAc) without propionic acid (HPr) and butyric acid (HBu). This study used the Modified Logistic model to describe the progress of cumulative hydrogen production in batch tests. A concise model was proposed to describe the effects of nitrate concentration on average hydrogen production rate.