熟石灰强化热脱附修复重质石油污染土壤

针对热脱附技术修复石油污染土壤存在能耗高的问题,采用添加Ca(OH)₂实现在相对较低的温度下强化热脱附重质石油污染土壤,以降低能耗。通过室内模拟实验,研究了热脱附温度、停留时间和Ca(OH)₂添加量对重质石油污染土壤中总石油烃(total petroleum hydrocarbon, TPH)去除率的影响。结果表明,当热脱附温度为400 ℃、停留时间为30 min、加入1% Ca(OH)₂时,石油污染土壤中TPH的去除率相比无Ca(OH)₂热脱附的土壤提高了23.6%;土壤中饱和烃、芳香烃、胶质和沥青质的去除率分别增加了17.3%、29.3%、18.1%和46.7%,对沥青质的去除效果最佳。Ca(OH)₂能够降低热反应活化能且增加活性位点是其显著促进土壤中重质石油烃的热脱附去除的主要原因。Ca(OH)₂强化热脱附后土壤粘性降低,分散性增强,粒径变小,且在表面生成一层类焦炭的物质。该研究结果可为热脱附技术在石油污染土壤修复中的应用提供参考。     

絮凝-电解氧化联合处理氰化提金废水

采用絮凝-电解氧化联合技术处理氰化废水,主要研究了聚硅酸铝铁 (PSAF) 添加量、絮凝时间、pH、电压、电解时间、极板间距对总氰(CN_T)、游离氰(CN⁻)、Cu、Zn离子去除率的影响,并对其反应机制做了分析。研究表明,当PSAF添加量为2 g·L⁻¹,絮凝时间为30 min,pH为9条件下,CN_T、CN⁻、Zn、Cu离子的去除率分别可达42.97%、100%、84.40%、34.88%。Zn(CN)₄²⁻、Cu(CN)₃²⁻、CN⁻的吸附量分别为567.88、89.76、439.74 mg·L⁻¹。以钛板为阴极,石墨板为阳极,采用一阴两阳体系对絮凝后液进行电解氧化实验,在电压为3 V、电解时间为2 h、极板间距为10 mm条件下,CN_T、CN⁻、Zn、Cu离子的去除率可达91.70%、100%、99.15%、94.49%。絮凝过程中Zn(CN)₄²⁻、Cu(CN)₃²⁻、CN⁻的去除是由电荷中和和化学吸附共同作用的,其中电荷中和起主要作用。Zn(CN)₄²⁻、Cu(CN)₃²⁻、CN^-的化学吸附主要归因于其与PSAF水解产生的羟基阳离子发生交换反应。XRD分析表明,加入酸性絮凝剂PSAF的瞬间,部分Zn(CN)₄^2-反应为Zn(CN)₂沉淀。电解氧化过程中Zn(CN)₄²⁻、Cu(CN)₃²⁻破络释放的氰根会被阳极表面产生的O₂、·OH完全氧化为N₂和CO₂,Zn、Cu离子在阴极板电沉积而被去除。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液物化深度处理研究

通过Fenton法和结合聚合硫酸铁的混凝作用,实现垃圾渗滤液氧化塘出水COD的深度处理;并利用水泥水化产物的凝胶物质,强化COD去除率。30％H2O2投加量为0．75mL／L、七水硫酸亚铁投加量为1．5g／L、n（H2O2）：n（Fe^2＋）=1．2：1（摩尔比）时,Fenton法对渗滤液COD的去除率可达52％;水灰比为2：1、搅拌24h的水泥水化物将Fenton法的出水pH值从4调至10,该工艺流程总的COD去除率为73．6％,较普通的Ca（OH）2调节法提高9．3％,出水COD可以从进水的1200mg／L降至315mg／L。     

改性膨胀石墨对含铅废水吸附特性

采用微波法在1 000 W下微波膨胀60 s制备了膨胀石墨,以乙醇为分散剂,采用超声沉淀法制备了纳米氢氧化镁,同时将纳米氢氧化镁负载到膨胀石墨孔隙中,制备出一种新型吸附剂,并采用静态吸附的方法研究了该吸附剂对铅离子的吸附效果,实验证明当改性膨胀石墨的用量为0.035 g,铅溶液的pH=4,铅溶液初始浓度为300 mg/L,吸附温度为25℃时,该吸附剂对铅离子的去除率能达到48%,吸附容量能达到105 mg/g左右。同时该吸附反应能够较好地符合Lang-muir吸附等温式以及二级动力学模型。     

Preparation and coagulation efficiency of polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride composite coagulant from wastewater of high-purity graphite production

The aim of the present work was to produce a polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride (PAFSiC) coagulant from acidic and alkaline wastewater of purifying graphite by roasting, and subsequently to evaluate coagulation efficiency of the reagent by treating surface water from the Yellow River as well as municipal wastewater in comparison with the conventional coagulant polyaluminium chloride (PAC). The PAFSiC coagulant was prepared by co-polymerization. The effects of (Al+Fe)/Si molar ratio, OH/(Al+Fe) molar ratio (i.e., value), coagulant dosage and pH value of test suspension on the coagulation behavior of FAFSiC and the stability of the PAFSiC were also examined. Results showed that PAFSiC performed more efficiently than PAC in removing turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosphate (TP). The PAFSiC with a value of 2.0 and (Al+Fe)/Si ratio of 5 (PAFSiC 2.0/5) showed excellent coagulation effect for both turbidity and COD, while PAFSiC 1.0/5 was the best for TP. The optimum coagulation pH range of PAFSiC 2.0/5 was 5.0–9.0, slightly wider than that of PAC (6.0–8.0). The process can be easily incorporated into high-purity graphite production plants, thereby reducing wastewater pollution and producing a valuable coagulant.     

聚合磷硫酸铁富集铬(Ⅵ)的研究

阐述了新型无机吸附共沉淀剂——聚合磷硫酸铁对废水中铬的富集的研究情况,以铬(Ⅵ)的去除率为参数,确定了聚合磷硫酸铁用量、温度、pH值及铬含量等因素的影响。实验表明该絮凝剂能有效地分离废水中的铬,使处理后水质指标符合国家排放标准。     

Dissimilatory reduction of FeIII (EDTA) with microorganisms in the system of nitric oxide removal from the flue gas by metal chelate absorption

In the system of nitric oxide removal from the flue gas by metal chelate absorption, it is an obstacle that ferrous absorbents are easily oxidized by oxygen in the flue gas to ferric counterparts, which are not capable of binding NO. By adding iron metal or electrochemical method, Fe^Ⅲ (EDTA) can be reduced to Fe^Ⅱ(EDTA).However, there are various drawbacks associated with these techniques. The dissimilatory reduction of Fe^Ⅲ(EDTA) with microorganisms in the system of nitric oxide removal by metal chelate absorption was investigated. Ammonium salt instead of nitrate was used as the nitrogen source, as nitrates inhibited the reduction of Fe^Ⅲ due to the competition between the two electron acceptors. Supplemental glucose and lactate stimulated the formation of Fe^Ⅱ more than ethanol as the carbon sources. The microorganisms cultured at 50~C were not very sensitive to the other experimental temperature, the reduction percentage of Fe^Ⅲ varied little with the temperature range of 30-50℃.Concentrated Na2 CO3 solution was added to adjust the solution pH to an optimal pH range of 6-7. The overall results revealed that the dissimilatory ferric reducing microorganisms present in the mix-culture are probably neutrophilic, moderately thermophiUc Fe^Ⅲ reducers.     

微波耦合氯化铁调理对活性污泥脱水性能及热值的影响

为实现活性污泥高效脱水和资源化利用,研究了微波耦合氯化铁调理活性污泥。主要考察微波耦合氯化铁对活性污泥脱水性能和热值的影响。微波辐射能够改善活性污泥的脱水性能,优化参数为功率700 W、时间100 s。微波耦合氯化铁调理进一步增强了活性污泥的脱水性能,先投加氯化铁后微波辐射的调理（氯化铁+微波）效果优于先微波辐射后投加氯化铁的调理（微波+氯化铁）效果,脱水效果的改善得益于活性污泥絮体的增大以及EPS的减少。微波调理后的活性污泥（干基）热值随着微波辐射时间的增长逐渐降低,而微波耦合氯化铁调理后的活性污泥（干基）热值随着氯化铁投加量的增加先增加后减少。     

厌氧-接触氧化工艺二级出水混凝除磷

为解决厌氧-接触氧化工艺处理生活污水除磷效果欠佳的问题,采用聚磷硫酸铁（PPFS）对该工艺二级出水进行混凝除磷实验研究。考察了PPFS投加量、初始pH值、温度、浊度以及与助凝剂（聚丙烯酰胺）复配对除磷效果的影响。研究表明,PPFS可有效降低出水TP浓度,当投加量为40 mg·L-1时,TP浓度能从3.71 mg·L-1降至0.34 mg·L-1左右,满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918-2002）一级A排放标准限值（TP≤0.5 mg·L-1）。利用PPFS对生物除磷工艺二级出水进行化学除磷是一种有效、可行的选择。     

Fe3+和Cu2+对饮用水氯消毒副产物三卤甲烷形成的影响

为了研究水中存在Br-的情况下,Fe3+和Cu2+对三卤甲烷(THMs)的生成及CHCl3、CHBrCl2、CHBr2Cl、CHBr3 4种消毒副产物相对分布的影响,以腐殖酸模拟氯消毒过程中的前体物进行实验。结果表明,在pH为6、7和9 3种条件下,Fe3+抑制了THMs的生成,pH=6时只有CHCl3生成量随着Fe3+浓度的增加逐渐减少,其余3种消毒副产物均在增加,pH=7时4种消毒副产物浓度均减小并在Fe3+浓度为2 mg/L时生成量最低,pH=9时的生成趋势与pH=6时类似。Cu2+能促进THMs的生成,在pH为6、7和9时,当加入0.5 mg/L Cu2+时,THMs总量分别增加了16.7%、22.6%和2.5%,随着pH增加,THMs总量增加。在3种pH环境中,Cu2+对THMs生成的影响大于Fe3+,在偏酸性环境中,Fe3+影响THMs生成,产生的致癌风险高,当金属离子浓度为2.5 mg/L时,致癌风险相差最高为15%,在中性和偏碱性环境中,Cu2+影响THMs生成,产生的致癌风险高。