模拟高效涡流澄清池除砷效果试验研究

通过模拟高效涡流澄清池的水力条件,研究了氧化剂次氯酸钠的投加量、预氧化时间及混凝剂氯化铁(FeCl3)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)不同的投加量等对除砷效果的影响,从而为高效涡流澄清池除砷的可行性提供试验依据.试验结果表明,在模拟高效涡流澄清池水力条件下,投加次氯酸钠10 mg/L预氧化10 min后,投加氯化铁15 mg/L...     

铁盐改性废弃蛋壳对水中磷的吸附特征研究

采用铁盐对废弃蛋壳进行化学改性,并研究改性蛋壳对水中磷的吸附特征.结果表明,改性蛋壳明显提高磷的吸附能力,磷在改性蛋壳中的吸附是一吸热过程,其吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程,磷在改性蛋壳中的吸附历时曲线遵循准二级反应动力学模型.溶液pH值显著影响磷在改性蛋壳中的吸附效果,当pH3时,改性蛋壳对磷具有吸附最大值.     

Effect of ferric and bromide ions on the formation and speciation of disinfection byproducts during chlorination

The e ects of ferric ion, pH, and bromide on the formation and distribution of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during chlorination were studied. Two raw water samples from Huangpu River and Yangtze River, two typical drinking water sources of Shanghai, were used for the investigation. Compared with the samples from Huangpu River, the raw water samples from Yangtze River had lower content of total organic carbon (TOC) and ferric ions, but higher bromide concentrations. Under controlled chlorination conditions, four trihalomethanes (THMs), nine haloacetic acids (HAAs), total organic halogen (TOX) and its halogen species fractions, including total organic chlorine (TOCl) and total organic bromide (TOBr), were determined. The results showed that co-existent ferric and bromide ions significantly promoted the formation of total THMs and HAAs for both raw water samples. Higher concentration of bromide ions significantly changed the speciation of the formed THMs and HAAs. There was an obvious shift to brominated species, which might result in a more adverse influence on the safety of drinking water. The results also indicated that high levels of bromide ions in raw water samples produced higher percentages of unknown TOBr.     

Speciation characterization and coagulation of poly-silica-ferric-chloride: The role of hydrolyzed Fe(Ⅲ) and silica interaction

The highly efficient inorganic polymer flocculants (IPFs) of the ferric-silica system is a new and promising coagulant. Interactions between ferric species and silica play a large part in the coagulation of suspensions. These effects are quite distinct from those associated with polymeric or colloid silica. However, although these species are key to coagulation efficiency, they have not been comprehensively discussed. A new type of coagulant, poly-silica-ferric-chloride (PFSC), was synthesized by co-polymerization and characterized by time complexation spectroscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. Compared with traditional ferric salt, the results indicated that PFSC had a higher molecular weight, lesser positive charge, lower Feb and higher Fec. The higher the Si/Fe ratio, the higher the silica and lower the silicac found. The PFSC with appropriate polysilica acid not only obtained better coaguiation/fiocculation efficiency in turbidity removal, enhanced the flocculation index (FI) and provided less residual ferric, it also lowered water treatment costs compared to traditional ferric salt. Results showed that PFSC could remove colloid particles in water by charge neutralization and sweeping,adsorption bridging mechanism.     

生物膜反应器-单宁酸铁处理低C/N废水的脱氮性能

采用生物膜反应器耦合包埋型单宁酸铁处理低C/N比废水,考察其脱氮性能,分析了生物脱氮过程功能菌群的变化,以及单宁酸铁强化脱氮的作用机制.结果表明,生物膜反应器耦合包埋型单宁酸铁,具有低C/N比废水高效脱氮性能.进水C/N比为1：2.7时,TN平均去除率可达80.0%,TN平均去除负荷为1.38kg/（m³·d）.生物膜反应器内随着进水C/N比降低,优势脱氮过程从同步硝化-反硝化过程向同步短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化-反硝化（SNAD）过程转变,厌氧氨氧化过程对TN去除的贡献率逐渐升高至76.2%,亚硝化菌群和厌氧氨氧化菌群成为优势生物脱氮功能菌群.包埋型单宁酸铁在生化处理后,通过吸附-催化氨氧化作用同步去除氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮,进一步提高TN去除性能.因此,耦合单宁酸铁强化生物膜反应器SNAD脱氮过程,是实现低C/N比废水高效脱氮新的有效途径.     

Mg (OH)2@粉煤灰复合材料对重金属离子的去除研究

根据“粒子设计”思想，以粉煤灰为载体，采用非均匀形核法制备了一种核壳结构粉煤灰负载纳米氢氧化镁复合材料，并对其吸附废水中Cu （II）、Ni （II）和Pb （II）性能进行研究.采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、EDS能谱、比表面积分析仪（BET）、X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（FTIR）等技术对包覆前后的复合粉体进行了表征.结果表明，复合粉体表面均匀包覆了大量纳米氢氧化镁和少量水合碳酸镁，比表面积增大到原来（粉煤灰1.79m²/g）的30多倍，平均孔径由11nm增加至14.7nm.平均孔隙宽度从12.8nm增加至15.4nm.粉煤灰表面的Si-O-Si、Si-O-C与氢氧化镁之间形成Si-O-C-O-Mg和Si-O-Mg-OH.复合粉体材料去除重金属的效率明显高于原粉煤灰和氢氧化镁，其单位饱和吸附量分别达到了216.30、116.50、160.96mg/g.根据Zeta电位、FTIR及模拟方程分析了复合粉体吸附重金属离子机理，结果表明复合粉体材料对重金属离子通过沉淀反应、静电吸引、离子交换等方式进行吸附，吸附过程等温线符合Langmuir等温模型，动力学符合颗粒内扩散模型，热力学符合自发吸热反应.通过解吸再生试验发现，经过5次循环再生利用后，复合粉体对重金属离子的去除率达到50%以上，这说明复合粉体在吸附过程中具有良好的再生性能.     

聚合硫酸铁处理终端焦化废水的研究

确定了聚合硫酸铁处理终端焦化废水的最佳投药量和 p H值 ,讨论了影响其混凝效果的主要因素。实验结果表明 ,处理后出水 COD、浊度的去除率达 80 %以上 ,对酚、氰的去除率可达到 40 %、5 0 %。