聚合硫酸铁除磷效果及藻类的生理生态响应

通过添加聚合硫酸铁(PSFe)降低水体中的活性磷,对水体中磷浓度、藻类生物量、碱性磷酸酶活性(APA)、类胡萝卜素/叶绿素a(Car/Chl.a)等指标随时间变化的情况进行了研究.结果表明,添加PSFe后,活性磷(RSP)迅速下降,藻类生物量和Car/Chl.a在短期内并没有显著变化.总碱性磷酸酶活性(TAPA)则随着RSP的下降而迅速升高,溶解性碱性磷酸酶活性(DAPA)上升幅度较小.结果表明,PSFe是一种优良高效的除磷剂,水体中TAPA、DAPA对RSP变化敏感,能在一定程度上指示水体中磷的变化.     

拜耳赤泥制备聚硅酸硫酸铝铁及絮凝效果评价

以拜耳法赤泥为原料,采用硫酸浸取的方法浸出铝和铁,通过加入硅酸钠溶液制备出高效絮凝剂聚合硅酸硫酸铝铁(PSAFS)。研究考察了制备聚合硅酸硫酸铝铁的酸浸工艺参数,并评价了其絮凝效果。结果表明,硫酸浓度35%,液固比5.5 mL/g,酸浸温度90℃,酸浸时间2.0 h为最佳酸浸条件,由此制备的PSAFS对综合污水浊度、COD、总磷和总磷酸盐的去除率分别达到61.7%、61.8%、81.7%和81.1%。对比试验表明,该絮凝剂与市售PAC、PFC相比具有相当或更优的污染物去除效果,且形成的絮体具有粗大、致密的特点。该工艺为拜耳法赤泥的综合利用开辟了一条新途径。     

铁盐改性废弃蛋壳对水中磷的吸附特征研究

采用铁盐对废弃蛋壳进行化学改性,并研究改性蛋壳对水中磷的吸附特征.结果表明,改性蛋壳明显提高磷的吸附能力,磷在改性蛋壳中的吸附是一吸热过程,其吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程,磷在改性蛋壳中的吸附历时曲线遵循准二级反应动力学模型.溶液pH值显著影响磷在改性蛋壳中的吸附效果,当pH3时,改性蛋壳对磷具有吸附最大值.     

Effect of ferric and bromide ions on the formation and speciation of disinfection byproducts during chlorination

The e ects of ferric ion, pH, and bromide on the formation and distribution of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during chlorination were studied. Two raw water samples from Huangpu River and Yangtze River, two typical drinking water sources of Shanghai, were used for the investigation. Compared with the samples from Huangpu River, the raw water samples from Yangtze River had lower content of total organic carbon (TOC) and ferric ions, but higher bromide concentrations. Under controlled chlorination conditions, four trihalomethanes (THMs), nine haloacetic acids (HAAs), total organic halogen (TOX) and its halogen species fractions, including total organic chlorine (TOCl) and total organic bromide (TOBr), were determined. The results showed that co-existent ferric and bromide ions significantly promoted the formation of total THMs and HAAs for both raw water samples. Higher concentration of bromide ions significantly changed the speciation of the formed THMs and HAAs. There was an obvious shift to brominated species, which might result in a more adverse influence on the safety of drinking water. The results also indicated that high levels of bromide ions in raw water samples produced higher percentages of unknown TOBr.     

Speciation characterization and coagulation of poly-silica-ferric-chloride: The role of hydrolyzed Fe(Ⅲ) and silica interaction

The highly efficient inorganic polymer flocculants (IPFs) of the ferric-silica system is a new and promising coagulant. Interactions between ferric species and silica play a large part in the coagulation of suspensions. These effects are quite distinct from those associated with polymeric or colloid silica. However, although these species are key to coagulation efficiency, they have not been comprehensively discussed. A new type of coagulant, poly-silica-ferric-chloride (PFSC), was synthesized by co-polymerization and characterized by time complexation spectroscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. Compared with traditional ferric salt, the results indicated that PFSC had a higher molecular weight, lesser positive charge, lower Feb and higher Fec. The higher the Si/Fe ratio, the higher the silica and lower the silicac found. The PFSC with appropriate polysilica acid not only obtained better coaguiation/fiocculation efficiency in turbidity removal, enhanced the flocculation index (FI) and provided less residual ferric, it also lowered water treatment costs compared to traditional ferric salt. Results showed that PFSC could remove colloid particles in water by charge neutralization and sweeping,adsorption bridging mechanism.     

人造沸石的载铁改性及除去水中氟的性能

以人造沸石为载体,采用盐酸浸泡活化和氯化铁溶液浸泡改性的方法制备除氟吸附剂,用模拟高氟水样进行静态吸附及动态过柱实验.动力学研究结果表明:吸附剂吸附速度快,40 min接近吸附平衡,吸附速率可用拟二级动力学方程描述.吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,饱和吸附量为9.83 mg/g,吸附平衡常数为0.030 2 L/m...     

混凝剂活性污泥法处理城市污水研究

采用混凝剂硫酸铝和氯化铁,研究了混凝剂活性污泥法的长期除磷效果,对两种混凝剂除磷性能进行了比较。研究表明,在混凝剂活性污泥法中,硫酸铝的稳定投药量为80 mg/L,与生物不具协同作用;氯化铁的稳定投药量为50 mg/L,与生物具有协同作用。在活性污泥反应器中,氯化铁的除磷性能好于硫酸铝。硫酸铝和氯化铁混凝剂不仅没有明显影响生物脱氮效果,而且能提高有机物的去除效果。     

模拟高效涡流澄清池除砷效果试验研究

通过模拟高效涡流澄清池的水力条件,研究了氧化剂次氯酸钠的投加量、预氧化时间及混凝剂氯化铁(FeCl3)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)不同的投加量等对除砷效果的影响,从而为高效涡流澄清池除砷的可行性提供试验依据.试验结果表明,在模拟高效涡流澄清池水力条件下,投加次氯酸钠10 mg/L预氧化10 min后,投加氯化铁15 mg/L...     

聚硅酸氯化铝铁絮凝剂制备及絮凝效果的研究

以粉煤灰和硫铁矿烧渣两种工业固体废弃物为主要原料,制取聚硅酸氯化铝铁(PSAFC)无机高分子絮凝剂。粉煤灰、硫铁矿烧渣和纯碱按1：1：0．8混合．在800～900(焙烧15～30min,用定量1：1盐酸浸取,固体溶出率高达94％,陈化后即为PSAFC絮凝剂。通过模拟和真实印染废水絮凝试验．表明PSAFC絮凝效果与聚合氯化铝(PAC)相当,在沉降速度、污泥体积等方面要优于PAC,且成本比PAC低．具有较大的市场前景。     

高铁铝矾土制备聚合氯化铝铁及其在污水处理中的应用研究

利用含铁的低品位铝矾土为主要原料,添加适量铝酸钙粉,制备出絮凝剂聚合氯化铝铁.制备方法为酸溶两步法.对影响聚合铝铁制备的因素,如盐酸浓度、盐酸用量、温度和铝酸钙粉用量等进行了系统研究,得到了制备聚合铝铁的优化条件,同时将该絮凝剂用于实际工业污水的处理.研究结果表明:制备的絮凝剂絮凝效果明显优于一些传统的絮凝剂;不仅具有去浊性能好、沉降快的优点,而且具有原料易得,制备成本低的优势.