钢渣直接熔制高档陶瓷产品

钢渣是目前排放量较大的一种典型工业废渣 ,我国有效利用率仅 10 % ,对环境造成极大的危害。在此介绍一种利用排放热态钢渣直接熔制高档陶瓷产品的新技术 ,并对产品的显微结构和经济性进行了分析。结果表明 ,钢渣热态资源化技术是一项具有广阔应用前景的钢渣资源化技术     

从工业废料制取化学建材石膏的研究

研究了以造纸白泥、电石渣及工业废硫酸为原料化学建材石膏的原料二水石膏的工艺条件和影响因素，同时采用废水闭路循环回用工艺流程，防止二次污染的产生。实验表明，将废渣配成１０％浓度的浆液与低浓度废硫酸进行反应，控制一定的反应时间及终点ＰＨ值可制得含量达９０％以上的优质二水石膏。     

Heavy metal migration in soils and rocks at historical smelting sites

The vertical migration of metals through soils and rocks was investigated at five historical lead smelting sites ranging in age between 220 and 1900 years. Core samples were taken through metal-contaminated soils and the underlying strata. Concentration profiles of lead and zinc are presented from which values for the distances and rates of migration have been derived. Slag-rich soil horizons contain highly elevated metal concentrations and some contamination of underlying strata has occurred at all sites. However, the amounts of lead and zinc that have migrated from soils and been retained at greater depths are comparatively low. This low metal mobility in contaminated soils is partly attributed to the elevation of soil pH by the presence of calcium and carbonate originating from slag wastes and perhaps gangue minerals. Distances and rates of vertical migration were higher at those sites with soils underlain by sandstone than at those with soils underlain by clay. For sites with the same parent material, metal mobility appears to be increased at lower soil pH. The mean migration rates for lead and zinc reach maxima of 0.75 and 0.46 cm yr^–1 respectively in sandstone at Bole A where the elements have moved mean distances of 4.3 and 2.6 m respectively. There is some evidence that metal transport in the sandstone underlying Bole A and Cupola B occurs preferentially along rock fractures. The migration of lead and zinc is attenuated by subsurface clays leading to relatively low mean migration rates which range from 0.03 to 0.31 cm yr^–1 with many values typical of migration solely by diffusion. However, enhanced metal migration in clays at Cupola A suggest a preferential transport mechanism possibly in cracks or biopores.     

矿渣对废水中铅,铬的吸附去除试验

进行了矿渣去除废水中铬、铅离子的试验研究，探讨了接触时间、金属离子初始浓度、废水酸度等因素对吸附性能的影响。结果表明，有较宽的ｐＨ范围内矿渣对铬、铅离子有较强的吸附能力，基本符合Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ吸附等温式，铅离子的吸附容量略大于价铬离子。     

钢渣综合利用的途径

介绍了钢渣的组成以及钢渣在钢铁冶炼、建材生产、环境工程、农业等方面综合利用的途径。     

电收尘器在大型钛渣电炉上的应用

介绍了电收尘器在大型钛渣电炉上的应用 ,论证了钛渣电炉烟气静电收尘的可行性     

钢铁渣粉在混凝土中的应用研究

为提高钢铁渣综合利用率,考察了钢铁渣粉作混凝土掺合料对混凝土抗压强度、工作性及对大体积混凝土温升的影响,并介绍了应用钢铁渣粉的工程项目。试验及工程应用表明,钢铁渣粉作混凝土掺合料,在相同胶凝材料用量下可显著提高混凝土抗压强度,在保证设计强度要求下可降低胶凝材料用量。此外,钢铁渣粉作混凝土掺合料能提高混凝土的工作性及施工性能,并可能降低混凝土内部温升,是一种新型的混凝土掺合料。     

AOD渣中铬的连续淋溶特性及其动力学模型的构建

为评价AOD(氩氧脱碳炉)渣的淋溶毒性,采用连续20 d的静态淋溶试验,研究了中性和酸性淋溶液对AOD炉渣中Cr(铬)淋溶特性的影响,以累积溶出率构建了Cr淋溶动力学模型. 结果表明:在连续淋溶过程中,淋溶液pH(9.6~11.5)始终保持碱性,DO(溶解氧)基本处于饱和状态,淋溶液还原性呈降低趋势;随着淋溶时间的延长,淋溶液中Cr6+、TCr和Cr3+的累积溶出率呈增加趋势,不同初始淋溶液pH(2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0、6.0、7.0)下,连续淋溶20 d时Cr6+、TCr和Cr3+的累积溶出率分别是淋溶2 d时的10.1~22.2、7.5~15.6、6.3~17.1倍;与中性和弱酸性淋溶液相比,连续淋溶20 d,酸性较强的淋溶液中Cr6+、TCr和Cr3+的累积溶出率分别为其3.1~6.6、1.6~3.2和1.8~2.1倍;与短期静态淋溶相比,连续淋溶增加了淋溶液总量,尽管ρ(Cr)变化较小,但TCr累积溶出率显著增加;双常数速率、抛物线和指数模型均可拟合淋溶液中Cr6+、TCr和Cr3+的累积溶出率,其中,抛物线模型的相关系数均在0.99以上,是最佳模型. AOD渣中Cr的连续淋溶动力学模型的构建可为不锈钢渣中Cr的淋溶毒性及其生态风险评价奠定试验和理论基础.      

Removal of contaminants in leachate from landfill by waste steel scrap and converter slag

This study may be the first investigation to be performed into the potential benefits of recycling industrial waste in controlling contaminants in leachate. Batch reactors were used to evaluate the efficacy of waste steel scrap and converter slag to treat mixed contaminants using mimic leachate solution. The waste steel scrap was prepared through pre-treatment by an acid-washed step, which retained both zero-valent iron site and iron oxide site. Extensive trichloroethene (TCE) removal (95%) occurred by acid-washed steel scrap within 48 h. In addition, dehalogenation (Cl⁻ production) was observed to be above 7.5% of the added TCE on a molar basis for 48 h. The waste steel scrap also removed tetrachloroethylene (PCE) through the dehalogenation process although to a lesser extent than TCE. Heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) were extensively removed by both acid-washed steel scrap and converter slag through the adsorption process. Among salt ions (NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻, and PO₄³⁻), PO₄³⁻ was removed by both waste steel scrap (100% within 8 h) and converter slag (100% within 20 min), whereas NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ were removed by waste steel scrap (100% within 7 days) and converter slag (up to 50% within 4 days) respectively. This work suggests that permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) with waste steel scrap and converter slag might be an effective approach to intercepting mixed contaminants in leachate from landfill.     

钢渣对酸性含Ni(Ⅱ)废水的吸附-中和作用

以碱性钢渣为水处理材料,研究了其吸附、中和酸性含Ni(Ⅱ)废水的工艺过程和机理。结果表明:在钢渣粒度小于2 mm、用量10 g/L、温度25℃、搅拌强度100 r/min条件下钢渣与Ni(Ⅱ)浓度200 mg/L、pH值4.8的废水反应8 min,可使废水中Ni(Ⅱ)浓度降低到0.25 mg/L,pH值升高到7.2,达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》的要求。钢渣对酸性废水中Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附式,其饱和吸附量达37 mg/g,反应包括钢渣中碱性物质的水解、Ni(Ⅱ)生成Ni(OH)2沉淀、生成的Ni(OH)2沉淀吸附于钢渣表面等几个过程。X射线衍射分析证明钢渣表面吸附了Ni(OH)2沉淀物。