长期施肥对旱塬麦田土壤大团聚体有机碳组分及冬小麦产量的影响

大团聚体是土壤有机碳固存的主要场所,对土壤肥力提升具有重要意义. 为揭示长期不同施肥措施下大团聚体有机碳的固持机制及产量效应,依托8 a定位试验,设不施肥（CK）、农户施肥（NP）、测控施肥（NPK）、测控+有机肥配施（NPKM）以及测控+生物有机肥配施（NPKB）这5个处理,采用“团聚体-密度”联合分组法,分析了黄土旱塬麦田土壤大团聚体中粗颗粒有机碳（cPOC）、细颗粒有机碳（fPOC）、微团聚体颗粒有机碳（iPOC）、游离态粉+黏颗粒有机碳（s+c_f）和微团聚体粉+黏颗粒有机碳（s+c_m）的变化特征及其与土壤碳投入和产量形成之间的关系. 结果表明,长期有机无机配施（NPKM和NPKB）较单施化肥（NP和NPK）显著提高了大团聚体中有机碳（SOC）含量,提升幅度高于对应处理土壤SOC提升幅度. 长期施肥有提高大团聚中cPOC、fPOC和iPOC含量,降低s+c_f和s+c_m含量趋势,且长期有机无机配施显著提高了大团聚中cPOC、fPOC和iPOC储量占比,显著降低了s+c_f储量占比,而长期单施化肥仅显著提升了大团聚中cPOC储量占比. 相关分析表明,小麦籽粒产量与有机碳组分（cPOC和iPOC）含量、土壤总有机碳含量、 >0.25 mm大团聚体有机碳含量以及土壤有机碳投入量存在极显著正相关性,相关系数为0.645~0.883. 综合来看,黄土旱塬麦区长期施肥尤其是有机无机配施,通过增加土壤碳投入量促进了游离态粉+黏颗粒有机碳（s+c_f）向其它形态有机碳的转化,进而整体提升大团聚体有机碳含量,为作物增产创造了良好土壤环境.     

不同施肥条件下紫色土旱坡地可溶性有机碳流失特征

明确紫色土旱坡地可溶性有机碳在不同施肥条件下的流失特征,得出最佳的养分管理方式,对提升三峡库区的耕地质量、维持土壤碳平衡和减轻土壤碳流失造成的环境污染具有重要意义.在中国科学院三峡库区水土保持与环境研究试验站内设置标准化径流小区,研究紫色土旱坡地在不同施肥处理[不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(常规)、优化施肥(优化)、85％...     

Material savings through structural steel reuse: A case study in Genoa

One of the most challenging issues in the field of sustainable design is that of limiting the environmental impact of structural systems, as they contribute significantly to raw material consumption, global carbon emissions and solid waste production. This paper addresses the approach of the reuse of steel structure without melting which allows for savings in steel mass and the reduction of waste amounts offering moreover an opportunity to avoid environmental burdens related to the recycling process. Recent studies have stressed the technical feasibility of this strategy, which appears particularly effective in those countries in which a building's life is rather short, such as in Japan and US, though its application encounters more difficulties in most European countries, owing to longer building use. Besides stressing the architectural and structural feasibility of the above-mentioned strategy, this research work aims to quantify the mass savings that are achievable in this manner by presenting a real case study set in Italy. It consists in a railway station, which has been designed keeping in mind the partial employment of structural elements recovered from an old industrial building that is no longer in use. To estimate the amount of steel saved, two different structural models for the designed building have been carried out and compared. In the first one, the structure has been designed on the assumption of the reusing of recovered structural elements; in the second one, the same structure has been designed considering the use of new elements only. The final result of the analysis shows that steel reuse allowed for savings of up to 30% of steel.