纳滤膜处理高浓度废液分离规律研究

利用管式或卷式纳滤膜处理废弃母液，在固定工艺条件下，透过液通量与浓缩时间呈一定数学关系；当浓缩进行到最后，透过液中的COD浓度会突然提高，该突然下降时间应长连续浓缩时间，抗生素截留率的变化规律基本与COD的去除率相同，但数值不同。利用COD的变化规律基本可以确定抗生素的变化趋势。     

MBR-PAC系统影响因素的研究

向膜生物反应器内投加40 g·L-1粉末活性炭处理尾水,运行效果良好.排泥和水力停留时间对处理效果有很大影响,流量和曝气量在一定程度上决定了膜污染的进程,粉末活性炭吸附降解了一些易引起膜污染的有机物,改变了污泥的性质,使膜通量得到改善.气洗和反冲洗能很好的维持膜通量,离线清洗可使膜通量基本恢复.     

Complications of cordocentesis in high-risk pregnancies: Effects on fetal loss or preterm delivery

Between 1990 and 1993, 166 cases underwent cordocentesis and were followed for at least the following 4 weeks in the Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapy Centre of Vienna University. The indications for the procedure were structural malformations in 46·4 per cent of the cases, other high-risk diagnoses in 48·8 per cent, and maternal age over 35 years in only 4·8 per cent. We investigated retrospectively all cases of complications resulting in fetal loss or preterm labour. Abortion, intrauterine fetal death, chorioamnionitis, and preterm delivery occurred in 0·6, 5·4, 0·6 and 9·0 per cent of these cases, respectively, adding up to a total of 26 cases (15·7 per cent). Although this rate looks relatively high, 20 of the 26 cases had already displayed signs implying a complicated prognosis. Neither maternal age, gestational age, number of attempts, nor placental location correlated with fetal loss or preterm delivery. Significantly higher rates of fetal loss or preterm delivery were observed when cordocentesis was performed in cases diagnosed as duodenal/intestinal stenosis or hydrops–ascites–hydrothroax/hygroma colli (P=0·0488 and P=0·0005). The frequency of complications did not decrease as the experience of the operators increased.     

乳状液膜法在湿法冶锌废水深度处理中的研究

提出深度处理湿法冶锌废水的二段液膜处理流程 ,并实验考察了分别回收锌、镉的适宜液膜条件 ,使得这 2种金属离子的达标排放与回收能够兼顾。     

煤渣填料固定化菌膜处理餐厅污水

以煤渣为填料,采用人工筛选优势菌挂膜固定化技术和直流式供水送风形式,对酒家、宾馆的餐厅污水进行生物接触氧化处理,COD和BOD的去除率可>90％,处理后排放水质可稳定达到COD≤100mg·1~(-1),BOD≤30mg·1~(-1),SS≤30mg·1~(-1),NH_3—N≤15mg·1~(-1)。推广应用结果表明,具有显著的经济效益和环境效益。     

A pilot scale anoxic/oxic membrane bioreactor (A/O MBR) for woolen mill dyeing wastewater treatment

A pilot-scale( 10 m^3/d) anoxic/oxic membrane bioreactor( A/O MBR) was tested for dyeing wastewater treatment of woolen mill without wasting sludge in 125 days operation. Results showed that the effluent quality was excellent, i.e. effluent COD less than 25 mg/L,BOD5 under 5 mg/L, turbidity lower than 0.65 NTU, and colour less than 30 DT, and met with the reuse water standard of China. The removal rates of COD, BOD5, colour, and turbidity were 92.4%, 98.4%, 74% and 98.9%, respectively. Constant-flux operation mode was carried out in this study, and backwash was effective for reducing membrane fouling and maintaining constant flux. Membrane fouling had heavy impact on energy consumption. More attention should be paid on pipe selection and design for the sidestream MBR system, too.     

紫外光芬顿-膜分离耦合体系降解金霉素

以金霉素为降解对象，采用沉淀法制备α-FeOOH光催化剂，进一步将其用共价结合法负载在陶瓷膜上，用SEM、XRD、EDS、UV-Vis和FTIR对α-FeOOH和光催化陶瓷膜进行表征.结果表明催化剂α-FeOOH呈针状或纺锤长片状，长宽分别为500~550nm、25~50nm，经α-FeOOH改性的陶瓷膜孔隙率由14.83%变为8.11%.研究光芬顿陶瓷膜耦合体系对金霉素的降解效率和动力学行为，确定了光芬顿陶瓷膜耦合体系的最优降解条件为金霉素初始浓度50mg/L，H₂O₂投加浓度10mmol/L，UV强度为3796.6μW/cm².进一步利用UV-Vis光谱分析了两种体系对金霉素的降解机理，光催化剂体系下，H₂O₂的浓度基本保持不变，而光芬顿陶瓷膜耦合体系下H₂O₂的浓度先升后降，同时后者在同一时间点对TOC和NH₄⁺-N去除率更高，表明光芬顿陶瓷膜耦合体系氧化能力更强，对金霉素的降解更为彻底.     

膜生物反应器去除废水中阴离子表面活性剂的研究

阴离子表面活性剂是环境中分布广泛且具有代表性的一类有机污染物。采用分置式膜生物反应器（MBR）进行去除模拟废水中阴离子表面活性剂（LSS）的实验．结果表明：MBR对阴离子表面活性剂的去除率高于90％。同时考察了阴离子表面活性剂生物降解的影响因素，确定其适宜降解蒂件为：气体流量为0．3m^3／h、活性污泥浓度为6948mg／L。初步探计了降解动力学和降解机理，研究表明对阴离子表面活性剂的去除符合拟一级反应动力学过程，且生物降解对其去除起主要作用。     

投加粉末活性炭对一体式膜-生物反应器膜污染的影响研究

通过试验考察了粉末活性炭（PAC）对一体式膜-生物反应器中膜污染的影响．在2种类型的污泥（膨胀污泥和非膨胀）中，投加适量PAC可以减轻膜污染，表现为临界膜通量的提高和连续运行中膜污染增长速率的降低．当污泥性质和浓度不同时，最佳PAC投加范围亦不同．PAC投量过大会引起临界通量下降．PAC的投加显著降低了混合液中溶解性物质的浓度，减轻了溶解性物质的吸附和膜孔堵塞污染，并改善了絮体结构．污泥比阻与污泥混合液膜过滤性能之间有很好的相关性，可作为污泥混合液膜过滤性能的快速评价指标．     

固定化微生物技术在无泡供氧膜生物反应器中的应用研究

实验采用中空纤维膜作为无泡供氧及生物膜载体，采用包埋固定化技术进行挂膜及污水处理研究。通过装置改进，较好地解决了无曝气条件下的底物传质问题，提高了传质效率，确定了最佳包埋剂及固定化条件，缩短了挂膜时间和提高了污染物的去除效果。实验结果表明，采用PVA作为包埋剂，且包泥量为1：1的情况下，挂膜时间可缩短为一周左右，COD和氨氮的去除率分别稳定在90％和80％左右。