Preparation, characterization and performance of poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)/organically modified montmorillonite nanocomposite membranes in removal of perfluorooctane sulfonate

Nanocomposite membranes containing poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) were prepared by a combination of solution dispersion and wet-phase inversion methods, and the effects of OMMT addition on the properties and performance of fabricated nanofiltration membranes were investigated. The membranes were characterized by contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis, and zeta potential. The performance of the membranes was elucidated by the removal of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) at neutral pH. Increasing OMMT concentration improved the thermal stability and hydrophilicity of the membranes. The permeation and rejection of PFOS were significantly improved. The performance of fabricated nanofiltration membranes in removal of PFOS varied depending on the solute and membrane properties as well as solution conditions. Finally, a comparison between fabricated membranes and a commercial NF membrane (ESNA1-K1, Hydecanme) proved that the OMMT addition is a convenient procedure for producing nanocomposite membranes with superior properties and performance.     

飞机结构的腐蚀与防护

目的研究军用飞机结构腐蚀情况,做好腐蚀的修理与防护,确保飞行安全和经济运行。方法对修理中遇到的典型飞机结构腐蚀进行分析,找出腐蚀的主要原因,并作出针对性修理与防护措施。结果飞机结构腐蚀得到了有效的控制,维修费用大大降低,飞机的飞行安全和使用寿命得到保障。结论军用飞机结构腐蚀越来越严重,日常维修中必须做到预防为主,防治结合,把腐蚀消灭在萌芽状态。     

计算流体力学技术在膜分离过程中的应用与进展

计算流体力学（ComputationalFluidDynamics，CFD）技术近年被广泛地应用于膜分离过程模拟中。本文评述了CFD研究膜分离过程中流体力学、膜污染机理和浓差极化等现象，以及CFD技术在微滤、超滤、反渗透中的研究进展及待解决问题等。     

Fetal cardiac scanning today

The ability to examine the structure of the fetal heart in real-time started over 30 years ago now. The field has seen very great advances since then, both in terms of technical improvements in ultrasound equipment and in dissemination of operator skills. A great deal has been learnt about normal cardiac function in the human fetus throughout gestation and how it is affected by pathologies of pregnancy. There is increasing recognition of abnormal heart structure during routine obstetric scanning, allowing referral for specialist diagnosis and counselling. It is now possible to make accurate diagnosis of cardiac malformations as early as 12 weeks of gestation. Early diagnosis of a major cardiac malformation in the fetus can provide the parents with a comprehensive prognosis, enabling them to make the most informed choice about the management of the pregnancy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.