厌氧膜生物反应器处理高浓度食品废水的应用

采用由完全混合的厌氧生物反应器和板杠式超滤膜组成的膜生物反应器对高浓度食品放心水进行处理,考察了厌氧膜生物反应器的处理效果及其对负荷、水力停留时间等的稳定性,膜组件装填面积为０．６４ｍ＾２,膜材质为聚醚砚（ＰＥＳ）,膜截贸分子量为２００００。结果表明：ＣＯＤ负荷在２～３ｋｇ／（ｍ＾３．ｄ）时,膜出水ＣＯＤ去除率可达８０％～９０％,当ＣＯＤ负荷超过４．５ｋｇ（ｍ＾３．ｄ）时,混合液ＶＦＡ出现积累,Ｃ     

错流膜生物反应器水力清洗特性研究

采用外压管式聚砜－聚丙烯腈共混超滤膜进行错流膜生物反应器水力清洗特性研究,结果表明,清洗时采用高膜面流速、低操作压力和限制透过液对流传递作用有利于错流膜生物反应器通量的恢复,这符合膜藏去除过程中的传质机理;适宜的膜面流速应稍大于临界流速ｖｋ＝１．９２ｍ／ｓ,清洗时间应控制在１０ｍｉｎ,适宜的清洗操作压力为０．０７ＭＰａ。     

Salinity exchange between seawater/brackish water and domestic wastewater through electrodialysis for potable water

● Present a general concept called “salinity exchange”. ● Salts transferred from seawater to treated wastewater until completely switch. ● Process demonstrated using a laboratory-scale electrodialysis system. ● High-quality desalinated water obtained at ~1 mL/min consuming < 1 kWh/m ³ energy. Two-thirds of the world’s population has limited access to potable water. As we continue to use up our freshwater resources, new and improved techniques for potable water production are warranted. Here, we present a general concept called “salinity exchange” that transfers salts from seawater or brackish water to treated wastewater until their salinity values approximately switch, thus producing wastewater with an increased salinity for discharge and desalinated seawater as the potable water source. We have demonstrated this process using electrodialysis. Salinity exchange has been successfully achieved between influents of different salinities under various operating conditions. Laboratory-scale salinity exchange electrodialysis (SEE) systems can produce high-quality desalinated water at ~1 mL/min with an energy consumption less than 1 kWh/m³. SEE has also been operated using real water, and the challenges of its implementation at a larger scale are evaluated.     

Ceramic membrane fouling mechanisms and control for water treatment

● The fouling is summarized based on ceramic membrane performance and pollutants. ● The current research methods and theoretical models are summarized. ● The membrane fouling control methods and collaborative technology are reviewed. Membrane separation, as an important drinking water treatment technology, has wide applications. The remarkable advantages of ceramic membranes, such as chemical stability, thermal stability, and high mechanical strength, endow them with broader prospects for development. Despite the importance and advantages of membrane separation in water treatment, the technique has a limitation: membrane fouling, which greatly lowers its effectiveness. This is caused by organics, inorganic substances, and microorganisms clogging the pore and polluting the membrane surface. The increase in membrane pollution greatly lowers purification effectiveness. Controlling membrane fouling is critical in ensuring the efficient and stable operation of ceramic membranes for water treatment. This review analyzes four mechanisms of ceramic membrane fouling, namely complete blocking, standard blocking, intermediate blocking, and cake filtration blocking. It evaluates the mechanisms underlying ceramic membrane fouling and summarizes the progress in approaches aimed at controlling it. These include ceramic membrane pretreatment, ceramic membrane surface modification, membrane cleaning, magnetization, ultrasonics, and nanobubbles. This review highlights the importance of optimizing ceramic membrane preparation through further research on membrane fouling and pre-membrane pretreatment mechanisms. In addition, combining process regulations with ceramic membranes as the core is an important research direction for ceramic membrane-based water treatment.     

滤膜过滤 微波干燥法快速测定水中悬浮物

采用滤膜过滤微波干燥技术,建立了水中悬浮物的快速测定方法。以0.45μm硝酸乙酸纤维素(CN-CA)滤膜为过滤介质,采用变功率连续加热模式,空白湿滤膜在10 min内恒重(900 W/5 min+500 W/5 min),附有悬浮物的湿滤膜在13 min内恒重(900 W/8 min+500 W/5 min)。选择不同质量浓度的高岭土标准样品和不同类别的实际样品进行方法性能测试,结果表明,该方法检出限为5 mg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.7%~7.1%,相对误差为2.0%~5.0%,采用该方法与采用标准方法《水质悬浮物的测定重量法》(GB 11901—89)测定实际样品的结果吻合。该方法显著缩短了水中悬浮物测定的分析时间,精密度和准确度能够满足分析要求,可用于地表水及一般工业排放废水中悬浮物质量浓度的快速测定。     

室内空气净化技术

概述了室内空气污染的类型 ,全面介绍了目前各种室内空气净化技术及其进展 ,并且分析了各技术的优缺点。此外 ,提出将膜分离与光催化技术相结合 ,能克服当前各种技术的局限性的构想。这一组合技术可能成为今后该领域研究的一个重要方向     

生物膜接触氧化法处理苯胺废水

以AN3菌和硝化类细菌构成的复合生物膜降解苯胺 ,研究挂膜过程中苯胺代谢产物的变化情况、生物膜内异养菌与硝化类细菌生态分布情况 ,以及水质条件对苯胺代谢速率的影响 .结果表明 ,挂膜期间苯胺中的氮首先被降解成氨 ,然后进一步生成亚硝酸根或硝酸根 .反应器内的稳定生物膜主要由AN3菌构成 ,但靠近出水位置生物膜中的硝化类细菌密度较进水位置高 10 0倍以上 .生物膜代谢的最佳pH值范围是 6 9— 7 5 .重金属离子 ,尤其是Hg2 ,通常会对生物膜的代谢活性产生抑制作用     

有限服务者多种类顾客的维修排队系统研究

针对维修机构中由于维修资源的有限性造成的排队现象进行研究,建立了一种有限服务者多种类顾客的维修排队模型,研究了一种求解维修机构中每种故障件数量的方法。通过此方法,可以计算任意时刻排队系统中每种故障件的数量,然后根据维修机构中故障件的种类和数量,判断是否应该在该时刻将某种装备进行停机维修,以最大程度地降低停机损失,最后通过与仿真结果比较,验证了模型与方法的可行性和准确性。     

含油废水处理研究

简要概述了含油废水的特征,介绍了盐析法、絮凝法、电解法、吸附法、浮选法等常规处理含油废水方法及其相应的不足之处,同时介绍了四个处理含油废水的典型流程,并指出了这些传统处理流程的特点及不足之处,重点介绍了微滤、超滤和反渗透等膜分离技术处理含油废水的研究及进展,最后综合阐述了膜分离技术处理含油废水的优点,并指出膜分离技术处理含油废水的研究方向。     

膜法富氧助燃技术在节能和环保中的应用

主要介绍了该高新技术在玻璃窑、注汽炉、加热炉、热媒炉、燃煤炉、燃油及燃气炉等方面的典型应用,一般均具有显著的经济效益和社会效益,不但显著节能、增产,而且改善燃烧效率,延长炉龄,环保达标,通常几个月就能收回全部投资。