海水中Se的分析方法

对国内外学者近些年来有关海水中Ｓｅ的测定方法（包括吕保存、富集分离方法及测定方法）作了较为系统的综述。对几种海水中痕量Ｓｅ测定的常用方法（原子吸收法、原子荧光法、阴极溶出伏安法等）作了重点的介绍，并对各种测定的发展历史，优劣进行了评价。     

医院污水中BOD测定稀释倍数的探讨

探讨了一种简便的医院污水ＢＯＤ测定中样品稀释倍数的推算方法。首先测定ＣＯＤＣｒ值，由ＣＯＤＣｒ值除以系数８，即获得稀释倍数Ｃ＝ＣＯＤＣｒ／８。结果表明，该法仅需配制一个稀释比，省时省力，并具有可靠性好，准确度高，适应性强等优点。适用于各种医院污水中ＢＯＤ的分析监测。     

HPLC法测定复方甘草合剂中甘草苷的含量

建立HPLC法测定了复方甘草合剂中甘草苷的含量.以Shim-pack CLC-DOS 150mm×4.6mm(5μm)为分析柱,乙腈-0.5 醋酸(15∶85)为流动相,流速为1.0 ml·min-1,检测波长为276nm,采用外标法定量测定.结果表明,甘草苷在5～25μg·ml-1范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9998);其高、中、低3个量的平均回收率分别为99.57%、99.41%、98.76%,RSD分别为0.46%、0.72%、0.69%(n=6).本方法简便可靠,重现性好,可作为复方甘草合剂质量控制方法.     

粤港澳地区大气中有机污染物初步研究

用Ｔｅｋｍａｒ多填层吸附管连接ＴＭＰ－１５００空气采样采集ＶＯＣｓ样,然后在Ｔｅｋｍａｒ６０３２／３０００吹扫捕集系统与ＧＣ／ＭＳＤ联用仪上分析,用ＴＨ－１０００Ｌ型大量采样器收集ＴＳＰ气溶胶样,ＴＳＰ滤膜经抽提分离后,烷径和芳烃进行ＧＣ／ＭＳＤ分析,了广州,香港和澳门地区大气 有机物和气溶胶可溶有机物的与成因。     

钼酸铵分光光度法准确测定地表水中总磷的研究

钼酸铵分光光度法测定地表水中总磷时,可以在24小时内直接取上清液分析,但当需要及时上报数据时,总磷的测定需要去除浊度干扰.对比研究了加酸自然沉降法(以下称沉降法)、浊度-色度补偿液(以下称补偿法)、过滤法等三种消除浊度干扰的总磷测定方法,准确度及精密度分析结果表明,沉降法、补偿法、过滤法的加标回收率、相对标准偏差分别为97%~101%、1.2%、94%~100%、1.8%,96%~102%、1.8%,均能满足水质监测实验室质量控制指标要求.     

棉铃虫灾害的长期性及性信息素的减灾控害作用

简要分析了我国棉铃虫灾害的长期性,并较全面地介绍了性信息素在减灾控害中的作用。这些作用可分为：帮助识别对象害虫、监测种群状态、迅速普及虫情信息、直接诱杀雄虫以及提前1周开展减灾行动等。直接诱杀雄虫后,引起雌雄比上升,雌蛾产卵量下降,孵化率降低,幼虫及为害量减少,其中幼虫量一般减少20％－50％。根据在新疆、山东等地的试用经验,作者在首次指出性信息帮助识别害虫和迅速普及虫情信息对减灾的关键作用,并讨论了性信息素的干扰交配和诱杀雌虫的可能作用,以及使用性信息素与农业可持续发展的关系。     

Microsatellite analysis provides efficient confirmation of fetal trophoblast isolation from maternal circulation

Fetal trophoblasts can be found in maternal circulation from an early stage of pregnancy and thus provide a potential source of DNA for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. We have developed a two-step method for trophoblast isolation between the 8th and 12th week of pregnancy. Blood was sampled from 14 women undergoing termination of pregnancy or spontaneous abortion. Immunomagnetic beads precoated with HLA class I and II, and with anti-cytokeratin-18 monoclonal antibodies, were used to remove CD8+ and other maternal cells, and to select for fetal trophoblasts, respectively. Microsatellite analysis was performed on DNA extracted from the isolated, maternal, paternal and placental cells after PCR amplification. Recovery of the trophoblasts was confirmed in 13/14 cases (93%) by the identification of an identical microsatellite pattern for fetal and placental cells. Further evidence was the presence of heterozygous alleles of both maternal and paternal origin. The correct prediction of gender in all five male fetuses was an additional confirmation of trophoblast recovery. We conclude that trophoblasts can be effectively isolated from maternal blood in the first trimester, and by using polymorphic microsatellite markers to confirm sample purity, this method has potential future application in prenatal diagnosis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Karyotype abnormalities in fetuses diagnosed as abnormal on ultrasound before 20 weeks' gestational age

This study examined rates of karyotype abnormalities in fetuses diagnosed by ultrasound as abnormal before 20 weeks' gestational age and which prompted a follow-up amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling. Those diagnosed before 20 weeks were compared with those diagnosed at or after 20 weeks. A retrospective study identified ultrasonographically abnormal fetuses in whom karyotyping had been undertaken, 306 fetuses before 20 weeks' gestational age and 241 after. Isolated malformations before 20 weeks had, on average, an 18 per cent risk of karyotype abnormality, compared with 20 per cent later. Specific rates were calculated; for example, heart abnormality was associated with karyotype abnormality in 7 per cent of cases before 20 weeks and in 14 per cent later. Multiple malformations and karyotype abnormalities were found together in 28 per cent of fetuses prior to 20 weeks and in 33 per cent of the older fetuses. Specific associations included nuchal oedema and trisomy 21 in 21 per cent of fetuses before 20 weeks. No karyotype abnormalities were found in fetuses diagnosed with choroid plexus cysts. An overview of trisomies in Victoria, in 1991, showed that 50 per cent of trisomy 18, 42 per cent of trisomy 13, and 9·5 per cent of trisomy 21 cases were identified by ultrasound in women less than 37 years of age. Another 28·6 per cent of trisomy 21 fetuses were detected in women of advanced maternal age who underwent amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling, making a total of 38·1 per cent of trisomy 21 that were detected prenatally. The importance of early karyotyping specifically relates to the ongoing management of the pregnancy if the chromosomes are normal, and facilitates decision-making regarding termination of pregnancy if the chromosomes are abnormal.     

Normal and abnormal fetal cardiac anatomy

The heart is often perceived as a difficult organ to understand by ultrasound during fetal life. This is undoubtedly reflected in the low detection rate of cardiac abnormalities as compared to those of most other organ systems in the fetus. In this article we start by updating classical concepts of cardiac embryology, many of which were previously difficult to understand since they were overly simplistic or purely observational. We then lead on to the structure and growth of the fully formed fetal heart where we review the anatomy and ultrasound appearances in detail and provide comparisons with major abnormalities. We emphasise the fact that a solid understanding of cardiac anatomy can enable those involved in fetal medicine to make full use of the views of the heart that are obtained by ultrasound and which are often only transient. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.