硅酸盐环境标准参考物质中硅的定值方法——氟硅酸钾容量法

本文详细介绍用氟硅酸钾容量法测定硅的最佳实验条件,与其它方法比较,准确度与经典方法相同,而分析速度大大提高,相对标准偏差为0.09—0.17％。对各类硅酸盐、国内粘土标样与美国国家标准局(NBS)标样进行测定比较,均得到满意结果。因此,氟硅酸钾容量法测定硅可推荐为仲裁和标准参考物质定值方法。     

一种确定BOD5分析中水样稀释比的简便方法

本文提出用快速法测定出COD_(Cr)值后,按稀释倍数通式c_n=COD_(Cr)/6.5×2~(n-1))(n=1,2,3)计算出三个适当的稀释倍数.与其他方法相比,本方法简便、可靠,普遍适用,可保证样品BOD_5分析一次成功.在BOD_5分析监测中具有实际意义和推广价值.     

母乳与牛乳中微量元素的比较

用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法对母乳和牛乳中Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｐ、Ｆｅ、Ａｌ、Ｚｎ、Ｓｒ、、Ｐｂ、Ｍｎ、Ｂａ和Ｃｕ等１３种元素含量进行了测定。结果发现母乳与牛乳的营养成分差异较大。研究了深入探讨微量元素在人体内重要的生理功能提供了有用的参考数据。     

二氯甲烷萃取-HPLC法测定水中的多菌灵

用二氯甲烷液-液萃取氮吹浓缩法萃取水和废水中的多菌灵,取浓缩纯化后的有机相直接进样到高效液相色谱仪,用二极管矩阵检测器检测,根据保留时间外标法定量。实验结果表明,采用此方法可将水体中的多菌灵快速有效地提取,并可获得较高的精密度和准确度。     

广东地区求解环境剪应力场不同方法的常数值的确定

陈培善等推导了多个求解环境剪应力场0τ的公式,利用广东数字地震台网记录到的广东及邻近地区1999年以来163个ML2.0~5.2地震求解不同公式中的常数,假设广东地区环境剪应力场为5 M Pa,求得C3=-5.707,C4=4.678,C5=-0.259、C6=-5.91、C7=-12.01,C3~C7依次代表利用地震波辐射能量、拐角频率、震源峰值加速度、震源峰值速度或震源峰值位移求解0τ时所用到的常数。与其它地区的计算结果比较,显示不同地区的C4~C7较为接近,而C3相差较大。     

发光细菌法测定有机工业废水综合毒性

应用发光细菌法对啤酒、酿造、印染、化纤、造纸废水进行了生物毒性测定；根据水质毒性分级标准对水样毒性进行了评价。结果表明，不同行业废水的生物毒性与其TOC值之间不存在相关性，只有将二者相结合，才能正确反映废水的实际毒性大小。发光细菌法用于工业废水毒性评价具有快速、简便、灵敏和准确的优点。     

基于氧猝灭的有机改性溶胶-凝胶微生物传感器测定BOD的研究

通过有机改性溶胶凝胶PVA包埋方法固定微生物菌株，以氧光化学传感器作为二次传感，制备了响应良好的光化学BOD微生物传感器．在此基础上，考察了微生物传感膜的活化浓度、温度、pH、无机盐及部分金属离子对传感器响应的影响．并对传感器的重现性、储存稳定性和线性范围进行了考察，实验结果表明BOD含量在0—100mg/L浓度范围内与传感器的荧光值成线性关系，传感膜的响应活性保持较好，具有较长的使用寿命和良好的稳定性．     

Sex pheromone communication of tentiform leaf-miners <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phyllonorycter insignitella</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ph. nigrescentella</Emphasis> from two related species groups

Summary.  Females of both species start their pheromone-releasing activity on the second day after emergence at the beginning of the photophase. During the present work, a peak of calling activity with close to 100% of active Ph. nigrescentella females was registered 1.5 hour after the light had been put on. The high pheromone release behaviour with 50% active females lasted for 3 hours. The calling activity of the group of females was about 6 h/day. The beginning of a photophase under laboratory conditions or an early morning in nature is a common period for sex pheromone release in the genus Phyllonorycter. (8Z,10E)-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate (8Z,10E-14:Ac), (8Z,10E)-tetradecadien-1-ol (8Z,10E-14:OH) and (8E,10Z)-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate (8E,10Z-14:Ac) in the ratio 96:4:traces as well as 8Z,10E-14:Ac and 8Z,10E-14:OH in the ratio 88:12 collected by Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) were found to be specific for the calling periods of virgin Phyllonorycter insignitella and Ph. nigrescentella females respectively. Field trapping experiments demonstrated that all three compounds are important for the attraction of Ph. insignitella males while only 8Z,10E-14:Ac is the essential sex pheromone component for Ph. nigrescentella. The pheromone activity of all three compounds is reported for the first time. Addition of either 8Z,10E-14:OH or 8E,10Z-14:Ac to 8Z,10E-14:Ac did not have a significant effect on the attraction of Ph. nigrescentella males, while the efficiency of the three component blend was 5 times lower as compared to that of 8Z,10E-14:Ac. Our data demonstrate that 8Z,10E-14:OH and 8E,10Z-14:Ac play a dual function, they are minor sex pheromone components of Ph. insignitella essential for attraction of conspecific males and show an allelochemical, antagonistic effect on Ph. nigrescentella males and, thus, ensuring specificity of the mate location signal in two related Phyllonorycter species.     

Determination of chemical warfare agents

Ethylarsine dichloride was used during WW I as a chemical warfare agent. Residues of this chemical warfare agent and its metabolites are still present today and continue to contaminate soil and water. A gas Chromatographic method for the detection and determination of ethylarsine dichloride is shown. Six dithiols were tested as possible derivatization reagents for ethylarsine dichloride. With selection of the dithiol, matrix interferences can be eliminated because of the different retention times of the derivatives.     

用开管法快速测定废水的COD

介绍了用硫酸锰代替硫酸银作催化剂快速开管测定废水COD的方法．最佳测定条件为：消解温度170℃,消解时间12min,酸度11mol／L,催化剂(硫酸锰)用量10g／L。该方法使试样的消解时间由标准法的2h缩短到12min,同时用硫酸锰代替价格昂贵的硫酸银可大大降低分析成本,而准确度和精密度与用硫酸银作催化剂的开管法基本相同,COD测定下限为65mg／L。该方法可同时消解多个试样．适用于大批量水样的测定。