Anoxic biodegradation of dimethyl phthalate （DMP） by activated sludge cultures under nitrate-reducing conditions

Worldwide extensive use of plasticized plastics has resulted in phthalates pollution in different environment. Nitrates from industry and agriculture are also widely disseminated in the soils, natural waters and wastewaters. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) biodegradation by activated sludge cultures under nitrate-reducing conditions was investigated. Under one optimized condition, DMP was biodegraded from 102.20 mg/L to undetectable level in 56 h under anoxic conditions and its reaction fitted well with the first-order kinetics. Using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, mono-methyl phthalate (MMP) and phthalic acid (PA) were detected as the major intermediates of DMP biodegradation. When combined with the determination of chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) removal capacity and pH, DMP was found to be mineralized completely under anoxic conditions. The biodegradation pathway was proposed as DMP → MMP → PA → … → CO2 H2O.The molar ratio of DMP to nitrate consumed was found to be 9.0:1, which agrees well with the theoretical stoichiometric values of DMP biodegradation by nitrate-reducing bacteria. The results of the non-linear simulation showed that the optimum pH and temperature for the degradation were 7.56 and 31.4℃, respectively.     

Application of multiwalled carbon nanotubes treated by potassium permanganate for determination of trace cadmium prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry

In this study we investigated the enrichment ability of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and established a new method for the determination of trace cadmium in environment with flame atomic absorption spectrometry.The MWCNTs were oxidized by potassium permanganate under appropriate conditions before use as preconcentration packing.Parameters influencing the recoveries of target analytes were optimized.Under optimal conditions,the target analyte exhibited a good linearity (R~2=0.9992) over the concentration range 0.5-50 ng/ml.The detection limit and precision of the proposed method were 0.15 ng/ml and 2.06%, respectively.The proposed method was applied to the determination of cadmium in real-world environmental samples and the recoveries were in the range of 91.3%-108.0%.All these experimental results indicated that this new procedure could be applied to the determination of trace cadmium in environmental waters.     

Ti/BDD/PbO2复合电极在化学需氧量测定中的应用

以钛基掺硼金刚石为基体,采用电沉积的方法制备了Ti/BDD/PbO2复合电极,并将其用于化学需氧量(COD)的测定。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射谱图(XRD)表征了电极的微观形貌及结构,采用电化学工作站考察了电极对有机物响应特性。实验结果表明,在1.45 V的低电位条件下,线性范围为0.5～175 mg/L,检测限为0.3 mg/L(S/N=3)。采用Ti/BDD/PbO2复合电极测定法和重铬酸钾标准方法对市政污水、食品废水及印染废水的对比结果表明,2种方法的相对误差小于10%,具有良好的一致性。     

利用DMA-80自动测汞仪直接测定海水中痕量汞

采用DMA-80自动测汞仪直接测定海水中的痕量汞,详细介绍了干燥时间、分解温度、释放温度等分析条件的优化选择。试验结果,方法在0.4～400ng范围内线性良好,检出限为2×10-5mg/L,方法操作简单,灵敏度高,结果准确。     

采样条件对固定排放源废气中氯化氢测定的影响

研究了采样条件对固定排放源废气中氯化氢测定的影响。结果发现,采样条件对测定的准确度影响极大,过低的吸收液浓度会导致测定结果严重偏低,进入吸收装置的气体温度过低时也会导致测定结果偏低。目前常用的采样条件(包括有些标准中规定的采样条件)都不合适。推荐合适的Na OH吸收液浓度为2.0 mol/L,合适的进入吸收装置的气体温度为110℃以上。     

能量色散X射线荧光法快速测定生物质燃料中的磷含量

应用能量色散X射线荧光光谱法建立了生物质燃料中磷含量的快速测定方法。对比分析压片压力条件、基体效应和干扰元素,明确了能量色散X射线荧光光谱法的测试条件,通过加标回收率实验、标准样品测试、ICP-OES方法对比等获得实验结果。实验结果表明:能量色散X射线荧光光谱法用于生物质燃料样品的分析,标准工作曲线线性相关系数为0.998 3,方法检出限为0.4 mg/kg,平均加标回收率为98.1%,测定值的相对标准偏差为1.36%~4.92%,标准样品磷含量在标准值不确定度内,能量色散X射线荧光光谱法与行业标准ICP-OES方法的准确度和精密度不存在显著性差异,可应用于生物质中磷含量的环境监测。     

甲醛的共存对靛酚蓝分光光度法测定室内空气氨含量的影响研究

在对室内空气氨气的采样过程中不可避免地会将室内空气中共存的甲醛引入到氨吸收液中,考察了不同浓度甲醛的共存对使用靛酚蓝法测定室内空气氨含量的影响情况,分析了影响产生的原因,提出了相应的建议,可供从事室内环境检测的工作人员参考。     

红外法测定土壤中石油烃的改进研究

通过气相色谱-质谱法定性解析红外法测定土壤中石油烃的各前处理阶段萃取物组分变化情况,探讨了用石油醚萃取土壤中石油烃空白高的原因,发现采用二氯甲烷为萃取剂,空白值低且精密度提高.     

中红外光谱法快速测定车内空气中多组分有机污染物

随着汽车进入家庭,车内空气质量越来越受到人们的重视,亟需建立一种车内空气中有机污染物的快速测定方法以满足日常监测需要。将中红外光谱技术与化学计量学方法相结合,建立了一种快速测定车内空气中苯系物的方法。以偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立分析预测模型,并对光谱预处理方法、主因子数进行了优化。最佳校正模型对苯、甲苯、二甲苯浓度的校正均方差、预测均方差和交叉验证均方差分别为0.0089、0.0200和0.1115,0.0116、0.0011 和0.1398以及0.0137、0.0037和0.1390。研究表明,该方法具有较高的准确度和较好的适用性,用于测定车内空气中苯系物的浓度是可行的,并能大大提高车内空气质量监测的效率。     

自动净化-高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱测定废气中二(口恶)英

采用自动净化-高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱(HRGC/HRMS)测定废气中的17种2,3,7,8位取代的多氯代二噁英和呋喃(PCDD/Fs)。废气样品经索氏提取,DEXTech系统全自动净化,浓缩和定容后,以HRGC/HRMS对废气样品中的PCDD/Fs进行了定性和定量分析。结果表明,17种二噁英和呋喃采样内标平均回收率为93%~99%,提取内标平均回收率为80%~97%;17种二噁英和呋喃自动净化实测结果与手工净化测试结果基本一致。该方法不但满足相关国家标准要求,还极大提高了样品的净化速度,减少人体对有机试剂的暴露。