高压交流、直流输电线路环境电场对比研究

将500kV高压交流输电线路与新兴的500kV高压直流输电线路电场环境进行了监管标准、监测技术及场强分布等方面的分析和对比,归纳了减弱高压输电线路电磁环境影响的措施,并提出针对高压直流输电线路进行源头控制的管理措施。     

500 kV超高压输电线路附近工频电场分析

运用工频电磁场理论研究了高压输电线路下方的电磁环境问题。工频电磁环境主要包括工频电场、工频磁场、无线电干扰和可听噪声等四个方面。对导线布置形式、避雷线、不平衡负载等影响高压输电线路附近工频电场的参数进行分析,提出了一些降低线路下方工频电场的有效措施。     

Behaviour of pendimethalin in tropical and mediterranean plain field condition

Abstract

Behaviour of the herbicide pendimethalin [N‐(l‐ethylpropyl)‐3,4‐dimethyl‐2,6‐dinitrobenzenamine] was evaluated in plain field under wet tropical conditions (Martinique, FWI) and in the Mediterranean area (Languedoc, South of France). Simultaneously, adsorption parameters were discussed with Freundlich equation, and desorption evaluated using a model with two compartments corresponding to two different energy levels. Pendimethalin showed a strong adsorption in all three soils and was very difficult to desorb. Higher clay content in tropical vertisol and ferrisol involved adsorption parameters (Kfa) higher than the one found in the Mediterranean fluvisol. Although heavy rainfalls in the tropics intervene on migration, pendimethalin propensity to leaching is levelled by its strong adsorption potential and appears very limited under the conditions chosen during this work. Half‐life of the compound (in the 0–25 cm soil layer) varied from 13 to 17 days. Pendimethalin was also classified as a “non‐leacher” compound using the “Gustafson model”.     

侧入式搅拌槽中多相流流场特性的数值模拟

运用计算流体力学(CFD)技术对不同安装偏角的侧入式搅拌反应器中单相及多相流场进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明,典型安装偏角下,搅拌槽内流场是由内部围绕搅拌槽中心的高速环形上升流和外部沿搅拌槽壁面的低速下降流组成的大循环流。水平偏角既增加了整个搅拌槽流场的平均速度,有利于固体颗粒在整个搅拌槽内的悬浮性能,又增大了槽底高速流体区域的面积,因而改善了槽底固相沉积状况。竖直偏角增大了槽底高速流体区域的面积,并对槽底施加一定的冲刷作用,从而进一步降低了槽底固相沉积的可能性。无安装偏角时槽底固含率最多的地方主要积聚在搅拌器下方区域。搅拌器在水平偏角θ=10°,竖直偏角φ=5°时槽底大部分区域的固含率分布较均匀,仅在槽底搅拌器右侧的壁面区域存在小面积的固含率较高区域,在该安装偏角下整个搅拌槽的固液悬浮性能及防止底部固相沉积性能达到最佳。     

航空机载产品磁影响测量分析

介绍了航空机载产品磁影响测量标准的技术要求和测量方法,深入剖析了磁影响测量的原理,澄清了标准中容易混淆的磁影响限值的确定原则,详细解释了磁强计测量磁影响的方法,经过实践检验,这种磁强计测量航空机载产品磁影响的方法准确可靠。     

利用电液压脉冲技术控制水体藻类的研究

针对传统的物理、化学和生物除藻技术的缺陷,提出了利用电液压脉冲技术控制水体中藻类的新方法.基于电液压脉冲技术的工作原理,利用水泵抽取湖泊中的水体,在电液压脉冲产生的高压和高温作用下,对控制水体藻类的工艺流程进行了详细分析.理论分析和实验研究表明:电液压脉冲的除藻效果与其作用次数呈指数关系,放电产生的电磁场、等离子体、空化流和在放电区域内所发生的复合作用对液体具有强大的综合作用,它们瞬间同时对水体发生作用,因此可以杀菌和控制湖泊水体中的藻类,以达到保护环境的目的.同时,利用电液压脉冲技术控制水体中的藻类,根据水的污染程度,能耗仅为0.1～0.5 kWh/m3.     

电子设备的屏蔽技术

在电子设备的屏蔽设计中,不能有直接穿过屏蔽体的导体和屏蔽体的导电连续性是两个最基本的原则。     

油田开发对地下水水源地的影响及对策分析

分析了在油田开发工程可能对水源地产生影响的三类事故,筛选出风险最大的事故是注水井井壁泄漏事故。采用地下水中污染物三维迁移转化模型和MODFLOW、MT3D模拟计算软件对某地下水水源地可能受到的石油类污染进行数学模拟,并针对模拟结果提出了污染预防和控制措施。     

How Do Groups Solve Local Commons Dilemmas? Lessons from Experimental Economics in the Field

The use of experimental settings to observe human behaviour in a controlled environment of incentives, rules and institutions, has been widely used by the behavioural sciences for sometime now, particularly by psychology and economics. In most cases the subjects are college students recruited for one to two hour decision making exercises in which, depending on their choices, they earn cash averaging US$ 20. In such exercises players face a set of feasible actions, rules and incentives (payoffs) involving different forms of social exchange with other people, and that in most cases involve some kind of externalities with incomplete contracts, such as in the case of common-pool resources situations. Depending on the ecological and institutional settings, the resource users face a set of feasible levels of extraction, a set of rules regarding the control or monitoring of individual use, and sometimes ways of imposing material or non-material costs or rewards to those breaking or following the rules. We brought the experimental lab to the field and invited about two hundred users of natural resources in three Colombian rural villages to participate in such decision making exercises and through these and other research instruments we learned about the ways they solve - or fail to - tragedies of the commons with different social institutions. Further, bringing the lab to the field allowed us to explore some of the limitations of existing models about human behaviour and its consequences for designing policies for conserving ecosystems and improving social welfare.     

重庆市中低产田深度开发模式研究

对重庆市中低产田土深度开发模式进行了研究,结果表明,重庆市中低产田综合开发利用有5大结构类型,22种模式。水稻产量以稻-稻 鱼模式最高,平均产量10275 kg/hm2,比冬水田-稻模式增产23.87%; 其次是稻-稻 鱼 笋和稻-稻-菜模式。经济收入以草莓 葡萄 菜模式最佳,产值99405元/hm2,盈利72300元/hm2,分别是冬水田-稻模式的8.3倍和9.6倍。稻田实行深度开发利用的光能利用率比常规种植模式提高了17.3%～94.5%。由此表明, 中低产田深度开发具有良好的经济效益和生态效益。