高矿化度油田采出水危害性分析

长庆油田学一联合站油田采出水经三级处理后,出水水质达到低渗透、特低渗透油田回注指标,但不久水质变浑浊,并伴有大量的红棕色沉淀物生成。取样分析,红棕色沉淀物为氢氧化铁,水中pH值为6.0～6.5,铁含量在50～100mg/L。文章针对含铁量过高为主的高矿化度油田采出水可能带来的危害进行分析,并提出解决方法。     

Changes in earth’s dipole

The dipole moment of Earth’s magnetic field has decreased by nearly over the past 150 years and by about 30% over the past 2,000 years according to archeomagnetic measurements. Here, we explore the causes and the implications of this rapid change. Maps of the geomagnetic field on the core–mantle boundary derived from ground-based and satellite measurements reveal that most of the present episode of dipole moment decrease originates in the southern hemisphere. Weakening and equatorward advection of normal polarity magnetic field by the core flow, combined with proliferation and growth of regions where the magnetic polarity is reversed, are reducing the dipole moment on the core–mantle boundary. Growth of these reversed flux regions has occurred over the past century or longer and is associated with the expansion of the South Atlantic Anomaly, a low-intensity region in the geomagnetic field that presents a radiation hazard at satellite altitudes. We address the speculation that the present episode of dipole moment decrease is a precursor to the next geomagnetic polarity reversal. The paleomagnetic record contains a broad spectrum of dipole moment fluctuations with polarity reversals typically occurring during dipole moment lows. However, the dipole moment is stronger today than its long time average, indicating that polarity reversal is not likely unless the current episode of moment decrease continues for a thousand years or more.     

Mass transport model of ions within biofilms under the effect of external field

A mass transport model was developed to predict the transport rate of ions within biofilms, which was experimentally verified using the fluxes of NH4^＋ and Ca^2＋ through the heterotrophic biofilms with the thickness varying from 230 to 1430μm under the effect of external field in the range of-20 V/m to 60 V/m. It is found that the result predicted by the model is in agreement with the experimentally obtained one, with the error less than 5 percent for the thin biofilms. The error increases with the increase of the biofilm thickness. The transport rate of ions caused by electric migration is affected by the charges, field strength, and biofilm thickness and so on.     

油田汽车安全驾驶技术

介绍了油田汽车下长坡、在发动机排气制动、在泥泞和湿滑的路面上行驶、在冰雪道路上行驶、在上坡道上起步、平时停车时等6个方面应该注意的安全技术问题,以及平时行车应该注意的安全、健康和环境问题。     

电场与MnxCey催化剂在苯氧化反应中的协同效应及机理探究

挥发性有机物（VOCs）大量排放已成为日益严重的环境问题,为了实现VOCs的高效去除,本文采用自蔓延燃烧合成法制备了一系列锰铈复合氧化物催化剂,将稳恒直流电场引入典型VOCs气体苯的催化氧化过程,并基于不同电场条件下催化剂的理化性质表征结果进行机理分析.实验结果表明,Mn_xCe_y催化剂对含苯废气的去除有良好的效果,稳恒直流电场显著促进了催化剂的活性,其中Mn₁Ce₃的催化性能最佳,电流为5 mA时,Mn₁Ce₃催化剂在155℃可达到50%的苯转化率,在202.4℃可达到90%的苯转化率,对应的转化温度T₅₀和T₉₀比传统方法分别降低了62.4℃和48.3℃,且电场中的反应活化能由52.32 kJ·mol^-1降低至32.31 kJ·mol^-1.根据实验现象及表征结果,发现协同效应与活性位点的快速持续再生及活性氧物种的转化有关,由此提出苯在Mn_xCe_y催化剂上的氧化机理及电场协同催化的反应模型.     

特低渗透油层含油污水处理工艺新技术

针对大庆油田低渗透油层水处理工艺存在的问题,设计了金刚砂过滤工艺。进行过滤效果及现场应用稳定性试验,通过工艺的调整及参数的优化,使其出水指标稳定,确定其最佳滤速、反洗再生、级配等运行工艺参数。并对其技术、经济性评价分析,确定为适合油田的精细过滤技术。     

脉冲变频电磁场对水华鱼腥藻生长的效应

对脉冲变频电磁场作用下,扫描频率和磁感应强度的变化对水华鱼腥藻细胞活性和生长的影响进行了研究。结果显示,扫描频率从25-27 Hz增大到1-60 kHz时,磁场对藻细胞活性的抑制作用减小,但增大到60 kHz以上,磁场对藻细胞产生强烈抑制作用,累积水力停留时间4 min的藻样在48 h培养时间内已失去活性停止生长。扫描频率为50-100 Hz和1-60 kHz时,累积水力停留时间2 min的藻样,细胞受到磁场刺激生长加快;只有累积水力停留时间〉6 min,才表现出对藻活性的抑制作用。磁感应强度增大至120 G,磁场对细胞活性产生明显抑制作用,增大磁感应强度有利于对细胞活性和生长的抑制。     

傍河地下水源地数值模拟与评价研究——以沈阳市浑河李官堡水源地为例

傍河水源地以其水量稳定、水质洁净等优点在我国北方普遍应用,地下水资源的准确评价为其良性运行的关键。结合实例,运用VisualM odflow对傍河水源地进行模拟,并在此基础上对其地下水资源进行评价及优化开采模拟分析。通过研究发现:①傍河水源地的模拟对河流的敏感性最强,其次为人工开采,而表征地下水系统特征的K、μ、a等参数的影响却不明显;②傍河水源地的模拟关键在于河流的处理。对非完整河流,在河床底部设置一层弱透水的缓冲区可取得满意效果;③傍河水源地的地下水资源量丰、枯年份相差不大,比较稳定;同时,地下水的资源量是个变量,随开采量增大而增大,且与开采井到河流的距离有关;④运用建立的水源地模型,可方便直观地对地下水开采进行优化调整,以更充分地袭夺地表水资源,从而促进水源地的良性生产。     

高压输电线路环境影响评价模拟类比研究

本文按照《规范》对高压输电线路工程环境影响评价模拟类比的说明,结合对输电线路下方形成的工频电磁场和无线电干扰值的理论计算,通过分析影响线路下方工频电磁场、无线电干扰强度及空间分布的因素,总结出几点关于类比线路选取方面的经验,为今后电磁环评中模拟类比线路的选择提供依据和参考。