丝状菌污泥膨胀对脱氮除磷功能菌群的影响

丝状菌引起的污泥膨胀或生物泡沫是活性污泥法污水处理厂运行管理中经常碰到的异常问题,为确定丝状菌引起的污泥膨胀对脱氮除磷系统功能菌群的影响,采用形态学鉴定和Illumina MiSeq高通量测序对5座城市污水处理厂非膨胀期和膨胀期活性污泥、生物泡沫中关键微生物菌群分布特征进行分析研究.结果表明,污泥膨胀和生物泡沫主要由微丝菌(Microthrix parvicella)引起,膨胀期污泥和生物泡沫中微丝菌最高比例达6%和38%.主要脱氮除磷菌属为亚硝化单胞菌(Nitrosomonas)、硝化螺菌(Nitrospira)、陶厄氏菌(Thauera)和Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis.膨胀期与非膨胀期相比AOB和聚磷菌相对丰度明显降低,最大变化比例为54%和47%,反硝化菌相对丰度显著升高,最大变化比例为73%;脱氮除磷菌群的波动变化受污泥膨胀的影响外,还与处理工艺及菌群的生理特性相关.     

丝状真菌基因功能研究的方法

近年来不少丝状真菌全基因组测序已完成或正在进行,基因功能研究成为真菌研究的一个热点.多种基因功能研究方法都已应用到丝状真菌领域,为丝状真菌的基因功能研究提供了许多不同的技术策略.本文总结了目前丝状真菌基因功能研究中常用的方法,如转座子标签法、基因敲除技术、RNA干扰、超表达及酵母杂交系统等,并对各方法在丝状真菌研究中的优缺点进行了阐述.参42     

污泥膨胀形成机理及控制措施研究现状和进展

污泥膨胀现象在全球污水处理厂普遍存在,已成为制约活性污泥工艺发展的重大难题之一.本文总结了丝状细菌研究现状;重点阐述了当前引起污泥膨胀的主要机理;说明了基于这些机理的选择器控制理论;给出了主要的选择器类型.对当前关于污泥膨胀的研究进展和方向,分别从微生物和数学模型2个方面进行了讨论,最后,提出了一系列亟待解决的问题.     

丝状菌性污泥膨胀的影响因素及控制方法

丝状菌性污泥膨胀是恶化处理水水质的重要原因。本文从水质因素和环境因素两方面分析了导致丝状菌性污泥膨胀的影响因素,介绍了由丝状菌引起的污泥膨胀的几种目前比较有效的控制方法。     

低温下活性污泥膨胀的微生物群落结构研究

采用水质参数指标测定和高通量测序技术,探讨了郑州某污水处理厂冬季间歇性污泥膨胀机制.结果表明该厂活性污泥的污泥容积指数(SVI值)的变化与季节温度变化有显著的负相关性,1~4月及12月易发生污泥膨胀,但是不影响出水水质.高通量测序技术分析发现污泥膨胀月份泥样的微生物群落结构要显著不同于未膨胀月份.该厂发生丝状菌污泥膨胀的优势丝状菌为腐螺旋菌科Saprospiraceae和黄杆菌科Flavobacterium.因此,低温导致活性污泥微生物群落结构变化是引起该厂活性污泥膨胀的原因.     

Effect of nitrate concentration on filamentous bulking under low level of dissolved oxygen in an airlift inner circular anoxic-aerobic incorporate reactor

This laboratory research investigated a possible cause of filamentous bulking under low level of dissolved oxygen conditions (dissolved oxygen value in aerobic zone maintained between 0.6-0.8 mgO2 /L) in an airlift inner-circular anoxic-aerobic reactor. During the operating period, it was observed that low nitrate concentrations affected sludge volume index significantly. Unlike the existing hypothesis, the batch tests indicated that filamentous bacteria (mainly Thiothrix sp.) could store nitrate temporarily under carbon restricted conditions. When nitrate concentration was below 4 mg/L, low levels of carbon substrates and dissolved oxygen in the aerobic zone stimulated the nitrate-storing capacity of filaments. When filamentous bacteria riched in nitrate reached the anoxic zone, where they were exposed to high levels of carbon but limited nitrate, they underwent denitrification. However, when nonfilamentous bacteria were exposed to similar conditions, denitrification was restrained due to their intrinsic nitrate limitation. Hence, in order to avoid filamentous bulking, the nitrate concentration in the return sludge (from aerobic zone to the anoxic zone) should be above 4 mg/L, or alternatively, the nitrate load in the anoxic zone should be kept at levels above 2.7 mg NO-3N/g SS.     

降解石油丝状真菌的筛选及其降解特性

从大庆石油污染土壤中分离得到14株石油降解丝状真菌,用以筛选可高效降解石油的菌群. 经过ITS(转录间隔区序列)分析,其中9株属于镰孢霉属(Fusarium sp.),2株属于黄白生丛赤壳菌属(Bionectria sp.),另外3株分别属于葡萄穗酶菌属(Stachybotrys sp.)、曲霉属(Aspergillus sp.)和雅致放射毛霉属(Actinomucor sp.);在固体培养基中各菌株的生长速率差异显著(P<0.01). 不同菌株能够特异降解不同的石油组分. 将筛选的优势菌株组成2个菌群,菌群1由菌株3、D2、D3和D52组成,菌群2由菌株3、6、D2和D3组成,分别考察单菌和2个菌群对原油的降解效果,结果表明:菌株原油降解试验30d后,单菌菌株D52对原油去除率最大,为64.25%;菌群1和菌群2对原油的去除率较高,分别达到74.55%和72.64%,可以考虑用于污油生物修复治理的工程菌群开发研究.      

Control of sludge settleability and nitrogen removal under low dissolved oxygen condition

Low dissolved oxygen (DO) is an energy-saving condition in activated sludge process. To investigate the possible application of limited filamentous bulking (LFB) in sequencing batch reactor (SBR), two lab-scale SBRs were used to treat synthetic domestic wastewater and real municipal wastewater, respectively. The results showed that prolonging low DO aeration duration and setting pre-anoxic (anaerobic) phase were effective strategies to induce and inhibit filamentous sludge bulking, respectively. According to the sludge settleability, LFB could be maintained steadily by adjusting operation patterns. Filamentous bacteria content and sludge volume index (SVI) were likely correlated. SVI fluctuated dramatically within a few cycles when around 200 mL·g^-1, where altering operation pattern could change sludge settleability in spite of the unstable status of activated sludge system. Energy consumption by aeration reduced under low DO LFB condition, whereas the nitrification performance deteriorated. However, short-cut nitrification and simultaneous nitrification denitrification (SND) were prone to take place under such conditions. When the cycle time kept constant, the anoxic (anaerobic) to aerobic time ratio was determining factor to the SND efficiency. Similarity keeping aerobic time as constant, the variation trends of SND efficiency and specific SND rate were uniform. SBR is a promising reactor to apply the LFB process in practice.     

丝状细菌污泥膨胀的FISH探针研究进展

在活性污泥法处理污水的工艺中,丝状细菌的过度繁殖常引起大量的泡沫并引发污泥膨胀.该现象的发生导致二沉池的污泥不能有效地沉淀,并大量流出,影响了污水处理厂的正常操作.本文综述了引起污泥膨胀发生的7大类潜在丝状细菌及其相关生理生态学特性;列举了国内外现有的潜在丝状细菌的FISH探针及其相关的杂交条件.目前,在活性污泥丝状细菌的分类鉴定、胞外酶、细胞表面特性和相关生态生理学特性方面,荧光原位杂交(Fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术均起到重要的作用,而国内相关的研究很少.设计特异性的FISH探针,并以此进行定量荧光原位杂交,将是国内污泥膨胀问题未来研究的重点方向之一.表7参57     

A/O系统中不同缺氧/好氧体积比对活性污泥沉降性能的影响

为探究A/O系统中不同的缺氧与好氧体积比与活性污泥沉降性能的关系,以实际生活污水为进水水质,考察了不同的A/O比(2/6,4/4,6/2)对污泥沉降性能和丝状菌生长的影响.结果表明,当A/O比为2/6时,系统能够维持良好的沉降性能,优势丝状菌为Type 0041;当A/O比为4/4时,系统的沉降性能恶化,SVI最高达到357mL/g,优势丝状菌为Type 0041,Type 1701;当A/O比为6/2时,系统发生了微膨胀现象并实现了稳定的短程硝化反硝化,优势丝状菌为Thiothrix.nivea.可见不同的A/O比对活性污泥沉降性能影响较大,同时污泥胞内胞外贮存特性及系统的脱氮除磷性能也受到严重影响.