Buses retrofitting with diesel particle filters: Real-world fuel economy and roadworthiness test considerations

Retrofitting older vehicles with diesel particulate filter(DPF) is a cost-effective measure to quickly and efficiently reduce particulate matter emissions. This study experimentally analyzes real-world performance of buses retrofitted with CRT DPFs. 18 in-use Euro III technology urban and intercity buses were investigated for a period of 12 months. The influence of the DPF and of the vehicle natural aging on buses fuel economy are analyzed and discussed. While the effect of natural deterioration is about 1.2%–1.3%, DPF contribution to fuel economy penalty is found to be 0.6% to 1.8%, depending on the bus type. DPF filtration efficiency is analyzed throughout the study and found to be in average 96% in the size range of 23–560 nm. Four different load and non-load engine operating modes are investigated on their appropriateness for roadworthiness tests. High idle is found to be the most suitable regime for PN diagnostics considering particle number filtration efficiency.     

海洋平台不间断电源锂离子蓄电池故障诊断

目的针对海洋平台不间断电源(Uninterrupted Power Supply,UPS)可靠性要求高,工作环境复杂等特点,建立一种基于多模型粒子滤波的海洋平台UPS故障诊断系统。方法该系统基于飞思卡尔芯片建立各模块间的通信,并根据锂离子电池故障实验后的参数建立故障模型,通过条件概率对海洋平台UPS的正常、过充、过放和过热四类状态进行诊断,提高海洋平台UPS的可靠性。结果使用部分实验所得数据测试了诊断系统对单一故障和复合故障诊断的结果,得到诊断算法对过充、过放和过热三种故障的诊断时间在5 s以内,准确率极高。结论测试结果显示,设计得到的海洋平台UPS故障诊断系统可以准确迅速地诊断故障类型。     

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LINEAR AND NONLINEAR TIME SERIES MODELS FOR WATER QUALITY1

ABSTRACT: Surface water quality data are routinely collected in river basins by state or federal agencies. The observed quality of river water generally reflects the overall quality of the ecosystem of the river basin. Advanced statistical methods are often needed to extract valuable information from the vast amount of data for developing management strategies. Among the measured water quality constituents, total phosphorus is most often the limiting nutrient in freshwater aquatic systems. Relatively low concentrations of phosphorus in surface waters may create eutrophication problems. Phosphorus is a non-conservative constituent. Its time series generally exhibits nonlinear behavior. Linear models are shown to be inadequate. This paper presents a nonlinear state-dependent model for the phosphorous data collected at DeSoto, Kansas. The nonlinear model gives significant reductions in error variance and forecasting error as compared to the best linear autoregressive model identified.     

生物膜法控制硫化氢气体污染的试验研究

利用固定生物膜滤池控制硫化氢气体是一种经济有效的方法。试验条件是：温度２０℃～３３℃、滤层喷淋水量６００ｌ／ｍ３·ｄ。当进气Ｈ２Ｓ浓度Ｃｉｎ≤２３０ｍｇ／ｍ３，生物滤池Ｈ２Ｓ负荷Ｌ≤５６０ｇＨ２Ｓ／ｍ３·ｄ时，Ｈ２Ｓ去除率达到１００％，当Ｃｉｎ≤５７０ｍｇ／ｍ３，Ｌ≤２４３０ｇＨ２Ｓ／ｍ３·ｄ时，Ｈ２Ｓ去除率高于９８％，出气中Ｈ２Ｓ浓度≤１０ｍｇ／ｍ３。     

生物滴滤池脱除烟气中SO2的实验研究

将分离筛选得到的氧化亚铁硫杆菌固定在生物滴滤池的填料上,组成生物滴滤池反应系统,并研究了进气SO2浓度、气体流量、液气比、循环液中铁离子浓度对脱硫效率的影响,此外还分析了该反应系统的脱硫机理.     

核桃壳过滤器与超滤对宁化排水的除油研究

采用核桃壳过滤器与超滤组合工艺的中试装置处理宁夏石化总排放水,考察了该工艺对石化废水中油分的处理效果,并且使用模拟废水考察了该工艺对油污染负荷的抗冲击能力.实验结果表明,核桃壳过滤器与超滤组合工艺对石化总排水中油以及油类造成的COD都有较好的处理效果,并且具备一定的抗污染冲击能力.     

直接过滤-臭氧-生物活性炭工艺用于城市污水二级处理出水深度处理的研究

采用砂滤-臭氧-生物活性炭工艺在北京市某污水处理厂开展了以污水再生回用为目的的城市污水深度处理中试研究.在臭氧消耗量5 mg/L,接触时间20 min,生物活性炭空床停留时间(EBCT)为20 min的条件下,出水浊度为1.5 NTU左右,色度接近0,UV254从0.162 cm-1降低到0.08 cm-1,DOC和CODMn分别从10.1 mg/L和12.8 mg/L降低到6 mg/L左右.由于对生物活性炭柱进行了曝气供氧,NH4 -N从40 mg/L降低到5 mg/L左右.     

通风过滤器的结构与性能初探

在危险化学品生产和销毁厂房的通风设计中一定要设置滤毒装置,目前在国内使用滤毒通风系统的工业装置并不多见.设计方法也鲜有介绍.在滤毒通风装置的设计过程中,过滤器的组成和冗余是设计中重要的内容和参数.设计合理既能够节省投资,又能保证设施抗击事故冲击的能力,使装置能够安全平稳的运行.而在运行中,过滤器更换时机至关重要.文章介绍了通风过滤器的结构、HEPA过滤器和活性炭过滤器能力的计算方法,最后就过滤器性能测试方法进行研究.     

简化活性污泥数学模型的优化

为了从控制运行的角度促进简化数学模型的应用，必须借助其它优化手段进一步提高预测精度。本文主要介绍了应用于简化数学模型的扩展卡尔曼滤波、神经网络和误差反馈系统三种优化方法以及优化后的验证结果。从验证结果来看，优化的ROM模型与ASMl模型的定性变化行为相似，基于神经网络的复合模型对PO4^3-和NOx^-的预测结果非常准确，误差反馈的优化系统模拟性能良好。