水中粪大肠菌群测定的滤膜法研究

本方法主要研究滤膜法在实际监测工作中的可行性,利用实际水样对滤膜法与发酵法的监测结果进行比对,并对滤膜法的重复性和准确度进行监测研究。     

混凝沉淀和机械过滤组合工艺处理含磷废水

利用二级混凝沉淀+机械过滤器法处理含磷废水,通过做pH、CaCl2的投加量对除磷处理效果影响的小试,确定混凝沉淀最佳条件为pH值为11和CaCl2投加量100mg/L.工程运行现状表明:该法处理磷化废水是可行的,出水能够达到国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)一级排放标准.     

循环流水产养殖系统净化研究

文章研究了不同水力停留时间和壳聚糖的投加对循环流水产养殖系统的影响,结果表明,当水力停留时间为8 h,系统内除磷,除氨氮、COD效果明显,通过生物滤池和植物滤池的去除,NO2-浓度下降,植物滤池平均出水浓度总磷1.60 mg/L、氨氮0.016 mg/L、COD为21.788 mg/L;养鱼池投加壳聚糖,出水的色度和浊度都明显降低。     

袋式除尘器和旋风除尘器的性能及其应用的比较

文章简要介绍了袋式除尘器和旋风除尘器的产生背景和发展历史,说明了两种除尘器的一般结构和工作原理。重点介绍了袋式除尘器和旋风除尘器的性能及其影响因素,并对两者在实际中的应用做了比较,比较结果显示:旋风除尘器主要优点表现在受含尘气体的浓度、温度限制小,对于粉尘的物理性质无特殊要求;压力损失中等,动力消耗不大,运转、维护费用较低;袋式除尘器的主要优点是除尘效率高,特别是对微细粉尘的处理能达到较为理想的效果。由此分析预测了两种除尘器在中国的应用及其发展趋势。     

Arsenic in Drinking Water and Its Removal

Abstract

Superfluous arsenic in drinking water can do harm to human health. In this paper, a broad overview of the available technologies for arsenic removal has been presented on the basis of literature survey. The main treatment methods included coagulation-sedimentation, adsorption separation and ion exchange, membrane technique, which have both advantages and disadvantages. It concluded that the selection of treatment process should be site specific and prevailing conditions and no process can serve the purpose under diverse conditions as each technology has its own limitations. In order to gain good results, some methods should be improved.     

Fate of microplastics in a coastal wastewater treatment plant: Microfibers could partially break through the integrated membrane system

• Fate of microplastics in integrated membrane system for water reuse was investigated. • Integrated membrane system has high removal efficiency (>98%) for microplastics. • Microplastics (>93%) were mainly removed through membrane bioreactor treatment. • Small scale fiber plastics (<200 μm) could break through reverse osmosis (RO) system. • The flux of microplastics maintained at 2.7 × 10¹¹ MPs/d after the RO treatment. Rare information on the fate of microplastics in the integrated membrane system (IMS) system in full-scale wastewater treatment plant was available. The fate of microplastics in IMS in a coastal reclaimed water plant was investigated. The removal rate of microplastics in the IMS system reached 93.2% after membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment while that further increased to 98.0% after the reverse osmosis (RO) membrane process. The flux of microplastics in MBR effluent was reduced from 1.5 × 10¹³ MPs/d to 10.2 × 10¹¹ MPs/d while that of the RO treatment decreased to 2.7 × 10¹¹ MPs/d. Small scale fiber plastics (<200 μm) could break through RO system according to the size distribution analysis. The application of the IMS system in the reclaimed water plant could prevent most of the microplastics from being discharged in the coastal water. These findings suggested that the IMS system was more efficient than conventional activated sludge system (CAS) for the removal of microplastics, while the discharge of small scale fiber plastics through the IMS system should also not be neglected because small scale fiber plastics (<200 μm) could break through IMS system equipped with the RO system.     

Enhanced cross-flow filtration with flat-sheet ceramic membranes by titanium-based coagulation for membrane fouling control

• Ceramic membrane filtration showed high performance for surface water treatment. • PTC pre-coagulation could enhance ceramic membrane filtration performance. • Ceramic membrane fouling was investigated by four varied mathematical models. • PTC pre-coagulation was high-effective for ceramic membrane fouling control. Application of ceramic membrane (CM) with outstanding characteristics, such as high flux and chemical-resistance, is inevitably restricted by membrane fouling. Coagulation was an economical and effective technology for membrane fouling control. This study investigated the filtration performance of ceramic membrane enhanced by the emerging titanium-based coagulant (polytitanium chloride, PTC). Particular attention was paid to the simulation of ceramic membrane fouling using four widely used mathematical models. Results show that filtration of the PTC-coagulated effluent using flat-sheet ceramic membrane achieved the removal of organic matter up to 78.0%. Permeate flux of ceramic membrane filtration reached 600 L/(m²·h), which was 10-fold higher than that observed with conventional polyaluminum chloride (PAC) case. For PTC, fouling of the ceramic membrane was attributed to the formation of cake layer, whereas for PAC, standard filtration/intermediate filtration (blocking of membrane pores) was also a key fouling mechanism. To sum up, cross-flow filtration with flat-sheet ceramic membranes could be significantly enhanced by titanium-based coagulation to produce both high-quality filtrate and high-permeation flux.     

基于CO2气体分离的固载离子液体@介孔二氧化硅混合基质膜

为提升混合基质膜对CO₂的气体分离性能,将具有良好CO₂吸附特性能的离子液体首先固载于介孔SiO₂中,而后将该复合材料掺杂到 聚酰亚胺高分子中构建高效分离CO₂的混合基质膜.研究结果表明,固载离子液体主要进入介孔SiO₂的孔道内部,但当绝大部分介孔孔道被离子液体填满后,过多离子液体在SiO₂颗粒外围形成连接.由于离子液体对CO₂优异的吸附性能,其固载后介孔SiO₂对CO₂的吸附性能得到的显著提升,这进一步增强了固载离子液体的介孔SiO₂掺杂混合基质膜对CO₂气体的捕获,随着混合基质膜中离子液体固载量增加其CO₂渗透性能也明显提升.但当固载离子液体加入量达到1.0 g时,固载离子液体的介孔SiO₂在PI高分子中出现了团聚,其CO₂渗透性能反而下降.IL@C-SiO₂-2/PI膜的渗透性能和对CO₂的渗透选择性都达到最佳,其对CO₂/N₂理想选择性可达到30.     

稀土对植物抗逆作用的自由基机制

通过研究及收集的资料，提出在植物生长期中，稀土元素能增加植物的抗逆性，当植物受到酸雨、重金属及盐胁迫时，稀土表现出抗氧化性质，而且稀土对植物的抗逆作用是由于其具有清除含氧自由基的作用。     

石化企业中间罐区VOCs治理工艺选择与流程优化

石化企业中间罐区VOCs排放量较大,多采用吸收、冷凝、膜分离及其组合工艺进行处理。本文采用AspenPlus软件分别对高、中、低浓度中间罐区VOCs废气应用上述3种工艺及其工艺组合的处理效果进行模拟计算。结果表明:中间罐区的VOCs经过不同组合的二级处理后,尾气VOCs质量浓度约为9～50 g/m~3,后续仍需采用深度处理工艺以满足新的国家及地方污染物排放标准要求;同时,对比3种工艺能耗情况,冷凝法最低,膜分离法次之,吸收法最高,约为冷凝法能耗的5～10倍。以上模拟计算结果与实际工况数据基本符合,证明采用Aspen Plus软件进行石化企业中间罐区VOCs治理工艺选择与流程优化是可行的,具有一定的参考价值。