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水煤气中硫化氢在燃烧时会转变成二氧化硫,对环境产生污染。文章采用厌氧生物滴滤塔法对冷煤气进行脱硫处理。因煤气对氧的严格限制,通过设计生物滴滤塔,经挂膜驯化后在厌氧条件下对浓度在1~5 g/m3左右的硫化氢进行脱除处理,考察滴滤塔运行条件对脱除效果的影响。结果表明,生物挂膜25 d后,生物滴滤塔达到稳定,喷淋液pH值为2.23,ORP值为283 mV,溶解氧为0.4 mg/L,对溶液中硫离子氧化效率达到94%。滴滤塔在液气比0.15,空塔气速0.088 m/s,pH值5.0~7.0,填料高度为82 cm,塔温为25~30℃左右时,达到较优的运行条件,此时该滴滤塔对以CO、CO2、H2和1 940 mg/m3H2S组成的模拟水煤气的脱硫效率达91.2%。 相似文献
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目的评价钨合金镀层油管的腐蚀性能。方法利用高压釜模拟高压气井和高含硫气井的腐蚀环境,进行高压高温腐蚀试验,以及标准的氢致开裂(HIC)和硫化氢应力腐蚀试验。采用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)及其能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射分析仪(XRD),分析或检测钨合金镀层和基管的腐蚀形貌、腐蚀产物的组成。结果油管表面的钨合金镀层平整而致密,其主要组成元素为W和Ni。高温高压腐蚀试验后,镀层仍然致密平整,腐蚀程度轻微。在60、90、120、140℃试验7天时,镀层和基材的H_2S/CO_2腐蚀速率分别为0.0179、0.0093、0.0102、0.0369 mm/a和1.030、1.272、1.183、0.991 mm/a。试验30天,在120℃时,其H_2S/CO_2腐蚀速率分别为-0.0085、0.1789 mm/a;在160℃时,其CO_2腐蚀速率分别为0.0091、0.8976 mm/a。该钨合金镀层均通过了标准的氢致开裂和硫化氢应力腐蚀试验。结论该钨合金镀层具有很好的耐腐蚀性能。 相似文献
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Brian L. Altland Danielle Cox Robert M. Enick Eric J. Beckman 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》1995,15(3-4)
High-pressure, near-critical liquids were used as float-sink separation media for the microsortation of polyolefin mixtures and PET/PVC mixtures. Near-critical carbon dioxide was used for the refinement of the polyolefins, and sulfur hexafluoride was used to separate post-consumer PVC from PET. Preliminary experiments indicated that there was no overlap in the density ranges of post-consumer HDPE, LDPE and PP containers. There was no overlap in the PET and PVC densities, with the exception of a single PVC packaging material with a density in the PET range. These initial results indicated that a float-sink separation was a viable means of microsortation. Separations of 91% LDPE (1/8′ beads)/9% PP (1/8′ chopped strands) resin mixtures and mixed post-consumer polyolefin flakes were then conducted in a laboratory-scale, 1-I batch apparatus. This apparatus not only permitted the observation of the separation, but also enabled the separated fractions to be removed from the high-pressure environment. The results indicated that LDPE purity of greater than 98.9% was obtained in 3 min or less if (a) the fluid density was 0.018 g/cm3 greater than the PP density and only 0.002 g/cm3 less than the LDPE density, thereby providing the greatest buoyancy force for the removal of the PP, (b) the fluid was recirculated upward through the bed of mixed plastics, facilitating the upward movement of the PP, and (c) the loading was kept at levels below 40% by volume. HDPE purity of 99% was also attained with clean, dry, post-consumer mixed plastic flakes. The loadings for these separations were very low, however, due to the difficulty in agitating the mixed bed of plastics using fluid recirculation. An economic analysis of these microsortation processes indicated that the value of the sorted plastics relative to the mixed feed must increase by approx. $0.08/lb for the CO2-based separation and approx. $0.27/lb for the SF6-based separation to justify the implementation of these high-pressure processes. 相似文献
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Rosborg I Nihlgård B Gerhardsson L Sverdrup H 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2006,28(3):215-229
The water chemistry of 20 municipal water treatment plants in southern Sweden, representing various bedrock situations, and water qualities, were investigated. Four water samples, raw and treated, were collected from each plant and analyzed by predominantly ICP-OES and ICP-MS at four occasions from June to December, 2001. The concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Na, HCO3 and a number of micronutrients, varied considerably in treated waters from the studied plants (ranges; Ca: 9.1–53.7 mg L−1, Mg: 1.4–10.9 mg L−1, K: 1.1–4.8 mg L−1, Na; 5.4–75.6 mg L−1, HCO3: 27–217 mg L−1). The elimination of Fe and Mn from raw water was efficient in all treatments investigated, giving concentrations in treated waters below the detection limits at some plants. Softening filters gave waters with Ca-concentrations comparable to the softest waters in this study. Adjustment of pH by use of chemicals like lye, soda or lime, modified the consumer water composition significantly, besides raising the pH. It was estimated that drinking water contributed to approximately 2.2–13% of the daily Ca uptake, if the gastrointestinal uptake efficiency from food and water was estimated to be around 50%. The corresponding figures for Mg was 1.0–7% and for F 0–59%. None of the studied elements showed any significant time trends in raw or treated waters during the follow-up period. The concentrations of potentially toxic metals such as Al, Pb and U were low and did not indicate risks for adverse health effects (ranges; Al: 0.5–2.3 μg L−1, Pb: 0–0.3 μg L−1, U: 0.2.5 μg L−1). 相似文献
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新型聚乙烯填料生物滴滤床净化硫化氢气体的启动研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了新型高密度聚乙烯改良型拉西环填料生物滴滤床净化硫化氢气体的启动过程,重点比较了启动过程中不同的挂膜方式对启动时间及效能的影响.结果表明,采用液相连续流强化挂膜法成膜时间短,在环境温度20~28℃时7 d可以挂膜成功.在启动过程中,随着工艺参数的突然改变(GRT缩短)和入口浓度波动,液相连续流强化挂膜后反应器的硫化氢去除率更稳定.在进气浓度最高为343 mg/m3时硫化氢去除率稳定在95%以上.试验过程中还发现,将SO42-浓度作为活性污泥驯化完成的监测指标、液相S2-去除率作为挂膜完成的监测指标更合理.启动结束后,通过2种途径减去喷淋液中的碳源并未影响硫化氢的去除率,这进一步表明生物滴滤床中硫化氢的净化主要由自养菌完成. 相似文献
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New data on the vapour pressures and aqueous solubility of 1,8-dichlorooctane and 1,8-dibromooctane are reported as a function of temperature between 20 °C and 80 °C and 1 °C and 40 °C, respectively. For the vapour pressures, a static method was used during the measurements which have an estimated uncertainty between 3% and 5%. The aqueous solubilities were determined using a dynamic saturation column method and the values are accurate to within ±10%. 1,8-Dichlorooctane is more volatile than 1,8-dibromooctane in the temperature range covered (psat varies from 3 to 250 Pa and from 0.53 to 62 Pa, respectively) and is also approximately three times more soluble in water (mole fraction solubilities at 25 °C of 5.95 × 10−7 and 1.92 × 10−7, respectively). A combination of the two sets of data allowed the calculation of the Henry’s law constants and the air water partition coefficients. A simple group contribution concept was used to rationalize the data obtained. 相似文献