不干胶废弃物热重分析

为了探索不干胶类包装废弃物的热解特性,采用热重分析手段分析了不同升温速率条件下不干胶类废弃物的失重特点,并且采用Ozawa法和KAS法比较分析不同转化率条件下的表观活化能分布.热重分析结果表明,不干胶类废弃物的热解主要分为3个阶段:第1阶段(室温～ 200℃)为不干胶类废弃物的干燥阶段,第2阶段(200 ～ 590℃)为热解的主要阶段,第3阶段(590 ～800℃)为热解半焦的深度热解阶段.升温速率对热解失重率有重要影响,Ozawa法和KAS法计算结果表明,2种方法计算的热解活化能比较接近,Ozawa法得到的活化能为349.9 kJ/mol,KAS法得到的活化能为336.9kJ/mol;并且不干胶类废弃物的热解表观活化能呈现出阶段性分布.     

变压吸附技术分离模拟油田火驱尾气中的CO_2

采用变压吸附技术分离模拟油田火驱尾气(CO_2-N_2-CH_4混合体系)中的CO_2。考察了吸附压力、吸附温度和气体流量对吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明:在吸附温度为25℃、吸附压力为0.6 MPa、气体流量为2 000m L/min、初始CO_2体积分数为13.01%的条件下,CO_2的穿透吸附量为60.34 m L/g,CO_2吸附率为78.92%,碳分子筛对CO_2的分离因子为8.233;在床层利用率为0.523的条件下进行降压解吸,当吸附压力降至0.1 MPa时,出口CO_2体积分数约为80%,CO_2的回收率可达96.38%。     

Experimental investigation on engine performances,combustion characteristics and emission of exhaust gases of VCR engine fuelled with cottonseed oil methyl ester blended with diesel

This research work investigates the engine performances, combustion characteristics, and emission of exhaust gases of variable compression ratio engine fuelled with cottonseed oil methyl ester (COME) and diesel at different blends. The analysis showed that heat release rate and cylinder pressure is higher for diesel than COME blends. Higher BTE is obtained at the maximum load condition. The higher BTE and lower SFC are obtained for blend B15 as 42.17% and 0.2 kg/kW-hr at brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of 4.64 bar. Also it is found that the peak cylinder gas pressure and combustion duration increases when the BMEP increases. At the BMEP of 3.51 bar, higher HRR is observed as 18.12 J/deg. Increase in HRR is obtained as 6.07% for B30 at BMEP of 4.64 bar when compared to diesel. Ignition delay decreased by 13.16% for B100, by the increment of blend proportions when compared to diesel, at BMEP of 4.64 bar. Lower smoke, HC and CO emissions are observed when increasing the blend proportions, whereas the nitric oxide emissions increases due to the better combustion resulted in higher temperatures. At BMEP of 4.64 bar, the CO emissions are reduced to 25.24% for neat biodiesel when compared with the diesel.     

超高压液相色谱/质谱联用法测定地表水中特定污染物

采用超高压液相色谱/质谱联用法测定地表水特定项目中包括微囊藻毒素-LR在内的13种污染物,对测定条件进行优化,使得各目标化合物均能在3min内检测完毕.试验表明,方法在各测定范围内线性良好,相关系数均〉0.99,各目标化合物的方法检出限为0.12μg/L～8.40μg/L,地表水样的加标回收率在62.0% ～104%之间,6次平行测定的RSD〈6%.用该方法测实际水样,阿特拉津和马拉硫磷被检出,质量浓度分别为0.6μg/L和0.7μg/L.     

Relationship between atmospheric pollution processes and synoptic pressure patterns in northern China

The air pollution index (API) sequences in 10 cities in northern China and the synoptic pressure patterns during autumn and winter from 2002 to 2006 were analyzed with diagnostic and statistical methods. The results showed that the air qualities in northern China had a prominent correlation with the pressure systems. It revealed that (a) the increasing phase of API was associated with high pressure and the successive low pressure, (b) the preceding part of front (i.e. the retral part of low pressure) was associated with the maximum of API values during a cycle of air pollution process, (c) the pressure systems with high gradient led to the decrease of API, and (d) the synoptic pressure patterns and their evolvements were the main causes of regional air pollution processes. These relations can be used to analyze the variation characteristics and mechanism of regional atmosphere pollution process, and provide important basis for the qualitative prediction, control, and management of regional air pollution problems.     

Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in a combined A2/O-BAF system with a short aerobic SRT

A bench-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic process-biological aerated filter （A^2/O-BAF） combined system was carded out to treat wastewater with lower C/N and C/P ratios. The A^2/O process was operated in a short aerobic sludge retention time （SRT） for organic pollutants and phosphorus removal, and denitrification. The subsequent BAF process was mainly used for nitrification. The BAF effluent was partially returned to anoxic zone of the A^2/O process to provide electron acceptors for denitrification and anoxic P uptake. This unique system formed an environment for reproducing the denitdfying phosphate-accumulating organisms （DPAOs）. The ratio of DPAOs to phosphorus accumulating organisms （PAOs） could be maintained at 28% by optimizing the organic loads in the anaerobic zone and the nitrate loads into the anoxic zone in the A^2/O process. The aerobic phosphorus over-uptake and discharge of excess activated sludge was the main mechanism of phosphorus removal in the combined system. The aerobic SRT of the A^2/O process should meet the demands for the development of aerobic PAOs and the restraint on the nitrifiers growth, and the contact time in the aerobic zone of the A^2/O process should be longer than 30 min, which ensured efficient phosphorus removal in the combined system. The adequate BAF effluent return rates should be controlled with 1--4 mg/L nitrate nitrogen in the anoxic zone effluent of A^2/O process to achieve the optimal nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies.     

曝气生物滤池技术进展

曝气生物滤池(BAF)是一种集生物氧化、过滤、吸附于一体的新型生物膜污水处理技术。文章介绍了BAF的发展沿革,综述了BAF在填料、生物膜、有机物、SS、氨氮去除、脱氮除磷、有毒有害物质降解方面的最新进展,拓宽了BAF组合工艺的研究和应用范围,指出BAF作为一种深度处理工艺是非常适合于我国国情的水处理技术,尤其对我国今后中水回用、企业污水闭路循环以及"零排放"具有重要意义,应加大研发和开发力度,推广其应用。     

瓦房店市社会经济发展与未来环境压力分析

在研究分析城市经济发展趋势与环境问题现状的基础上,重点从社会经济发展以及土地资源、水资源、能源、污染废弃物等方面,探讨了瓦房店市面临的环境压力,为决策者采取对策措施提供参考。     

低压等离子喷涂制备ZrB2-TiC复合涂层 及其烧蚀性能研究

目的探索低压等离子喷涂制备ZrB_2-TiC复合涂层工艺及其烧蚀性能。方法采用喷雾造粒技术制备适用于低压等离子喷涂的ZrB_2-TiC球形粉体,再采用低压等离子喷涂技术在高强石墨基体表面制备ZrB_2-TiC复合涂层。利用氧-乙炔火焰考核涂层的抗烧蚀性能,采用红外测温仪测试烧蚀过程中涂层的表面温度,分别采用扫描电镜、EDS及XRD分析涂层的表截面形貌、元素及物相。结果 ZrB_2-TiC复合涂层呈等离子喷涂层状结构特征,内部孔隙率达到10.8%,涂层与高强石墨之间的结合强度约5.4 MPa。喷涂后涂层产生了ZrTiB4、ZrTiC2新相。涂层经过2000℃氧乙炔烧蚀5min后,保持完整,未出现裂纹及剥落,烧蚀深度仅为2～5μm。结论采用低压等离子喷涂可在石墨表面制备性能优良的ZrB_2-TiC复合涂层,涂层可有效抵御氧乙炔火焰的烧蚀。     

Beijing Tong Ren Tang Company Limited Scientific Research Institute, Beijing 100011, China

By dynamic method under UV irradiation,commercial melt-blown polypropylene(PPMB)filter element was modified with acrylamide(AAm)using benzophenone(BP)as initiator.Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope verified that polyacrylamide chain was grafted on the fiber surface of PPMB filter element.Elemental content analysis with energy dispersive X-ray of fibers revealed that the polymerization content in the inner part of filter element was relatively higher than that in the outer.Degree of grafting changed with initiator concentration,monomer concentration,reaction temperature and reached 2.6% at the reaction condition:C_(BP)=0.06 mol/L,C_(AAm)=2.0 mol/L,irradiation time:80 min,temperature: 60℃.Relative water flux altered with the hydrophilicity and pore size of filter element.In the antifouling test,the modified filter gave greater flux recovery(approximately 70%)after filtration of the water extract of Liuweidihuang,suggesting that the fouling layer was more easily reversible due to the hydrophilic nature of the modified filter.