多隔室厌氧折流板反应器(ABR) 的水力特性试验研究

对ABR反应器的水力流态进行了示踪剂试验,分析了特征截面面积对ABR水力特性的影响,采用停留时间分布(RTD)法研究了不同进水COD浓度和HRT条件下ABR反应器的水力特性,结果表明不同进水COD浓度时ABR反应器的RTD曲线相似,表明进水COD浓度不是影响ABR水力特性的主要因素;不同HRT条件下RTD曲线差异很大,表明HRT对ABR的水力特性影响较大,随着水力停留时间的延长,N值增大,1/Pe减小,ABR的流态趋于推流流态,随着HRT的缩短,N值减小,1/Pe数增大,ABR反应器趋于完全混合流态.     

陶粒生物滤池低温处理黄河水研究

进行了利用陶粒生物滤池工艺低温生物预处理黄河微污染水的研究,结果表明,温度的降低对陶粒生物滤池去除CODMn、UV254和氨氮的影响不明显,其平均去除率分别为11%、22.2%和61.2%。水温低于5℃时出水中亚硝酸氮浓度升高。此外,低水温条件下陶粒上生物膜脱氢酶活性仍然较高。     

利用复合酵母菌系统处理含油污泥

利用筛选得到的10株酵母菌组成复合酵母菌系统,并将该复合菌系统接种到泥浆反应器中对模拟油泥样品进行了处理。在对反应器进行优化的基础上,比较了复合酵母菌体系和经驯化的活性污泥体系对模拟风化油泥的处理效果,发现复合酵母菌在反应速度和油去除率上都优于活性污泥。利用GCMS对复合酵母菌处理体系中主要脂肪烃组分的变化进行了分析,结果表明原油组分中脂肪烃部分在处理8d后基本被完全降解。     

臭氧-固定化生物活性炭滤池深度处理石化废水的试验研究

针对石化废水中不同特征污染物,采用人工分离筛选去除COD和油工程菌6株、硝化工程菌10株(亚硝化细菌5株、硝化细菌5株)构建高效混合菌群,通过臭氧固定化生物活性炭滤池除污染效能中试研究表明,该系统深度处理石化难降解有机废水是可行的,能同时实现去除COD、油类、NH3 N等污染物的功效,对COD、油类、NH3 N和色度的平均去除率分别为73 0%、90 5%、81 2%和90%,相应的出水分别为33 2mg/L、0 4mg/L、4 5mg/L和10倍,各项指标均达到了国家循环冷却水的用水要求,它的推广应用必将带来显著的环境效益、社会效益和经济效益。     

生产性IC反应器厌氧颗粒污泥的生物学特征

IC反应器以絮状污泥接种用于处理酒糟废水,运行至第180d时分别测定反应器第1、第2反应室颗粒污泥的VSS、产甲烷活性、胞外多聚物和辅酶F420等各项生物学指标。结果表明反应器内颗粒污泥具有较强活性,反应器COD去除率基本稳定在95%以上,出水COD不超过1000mg/L。     

P-SBR处理乙基胺废水的试验研究

采用加压曝气 序批式活性污泥反应器 (P SBR)处理乙基胺生产废水 ,进水CODCr2 6 0 0mg L ,出水CODCr≤15 0mg L ,CODCr容积负荷 3 0～ 8 0kg m3·d。该工艺具有降解有机物速度快 ,脱氮效率高 ,占地面积小等特点。     

UASB启动过程中污泥颗粒化的形成机制

以好氧消化污泥接种启动UASB反应器过程大致分为三个阶段:适应驯化阶段、颗粒污泥的形成阶段和成熟阶段。反应器的容积负荷由0.56 g COD/L/d逐渐增加到4.4 g COD/L/d,溶解性COD的去除率80%。扫描电镜观察培养的颗粒污泥以丝状菌为主。     

循环流生物膜反应器同时硝化反硝化实验研究

研究了循环流软性填料生物膜反应器的同时硝化反硝化。实验结果表明,反应器中确实存在着同时硝化反硝化现象。考察了碳氮比(C/N)和溶解氧(DO)对同时硝化反硝化的影响。在进水COD和NH4+—N浓度为500mg/L、15mg/L时,出水COD、NH4+—N和TN浓度<50mg/L、3.0mg/L、4.5mg/L,COD去除率、硝化率和反硝化率分别达到90%、80%和70%。     

Wastewater management in small- and medium-size enterprises: case studies

Wastewater management in small and medium-sized enterprises representing the chemical and food industries was investigated. The results showed that wastewater discharged from an ink-production factory was highly contaminated with organic pollutants. Anaerobic biological treatment followed by chemical coagulation using ferric chloride aided with lime proved to be very effective and produced an effluent that complied with national regulatory standard for wastewater discharge into public sewage network. Also, management of wastewater from a confectionery factory representing the food sector was carried out. Aerobic biological treatment using plastic-packed trickling filter proved to be an effective treatment method. However, application of in-plant control measures alleviated the requirement for the construction of a wastewater treatment plant. The applied pollution prevention and cleaner production measures involved good housekeeping, recovery of spent chocolate, modification of floor cleaning and installation of suction devices for the removal of sugar and starch powders. All improvement measures were documented by cost/benefit analysis.     

Sulphur transformation and deposition in the rhizosphere of Juncus effusus in a laboratory-scale constructed wetland

Sulphur cycling and its correlation to removal processes under dynamic redox conditions in the rhizosphere of helophytes in treatment wetlands are poorly understood. Therefore, long-term experiments were performed in laboratory-scale constructed wetlands treating artificial domestic wastewater in order to investigate the dynamics of sulphur compounds, the responses of plants and nitrifying microorganisms under carbon surplus conditions, and the generation of methane. For carbon surplus conditions (carbon:sulphate of 2.8:1) sulphate reduction happened but was repressed, in contrast to unplanted filters mentioned in literature. Doubling the carbon load caused stable and efficient sulphate reduction, rising of pH, increasing enrichment of S(2-) and S(0) in pore water, and finally plant death and inhibition of nitrification by sulphide toxicity. The data show a clear correlation of the occurrence of reduced S-species with decreasing C and N removal performance and plant viability in the experimental constructed wetlands.