复合生态滤床用于重金属污染地表水体修复

以蛭石为滤床基质,研究了复合生态滤床对受重金属污染地表水体的修复效能.结果表明,复合生态滤床对重金属污染水体有较好的处理效果,在水力负荷为2.0m.3m-.2d-1时,系统对Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的平均去除率分别达到81.60%、80.55%、83.20%、62.21%;按照国家《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002),出水重金属浓度达到Ⅱ类水质标准;出水COD值为9.7～38.3mg·L-1,达到Ⅰ类水质标准;出水NH4+-N达到1mg·L-1以下,达到Ⅲ类水质标准.滤床基质中铜离子含量稳定在30mg·kg-1左右,表明植物根系可以有效地吸收蛭石吸附的重金属,从而有效提高蛭石的再吸附能力,延长滤床工作周期.     

生态工程在水污染控制中的应用

生态工程可简单定义为"通过自然系统或人工仿自然系统的生态过程来达到生态目的"。与环境工程相比,更符合可持续发展要求,因此在水污染控制方面受到越来越多的关注。本文主要介绍了土地处理系统、蚯蚓-微生物生态滤池、生态浮岛等生态污水处理技术及其在工程中的应用。     

固定化光催化技术及其适用水处理反应器研究进展

光催化技术因其较高的催化活性和低廉的价格已经被水处理业内广泛采用．但是粉末催化剂的明显缺点制约了其工业化应用,因此固定化光催化技术应运而生。通过收集国内外资料．对于光催化固定技术应用的两个关键因素——固定方法和适用的反应器的发展进行了介绍。当固定的同时催化剂活性不大幅下降．且采用适合于该种载体的反应器,固定化光催化技术在水处理领域有着广阔的应用前景。     

F/M对ASBR中基质的吸收、储存和利用影响

研究了不同F/M（COD/VSS）下以葡萄糖为基质时厌氧序批式反应器（ASBR）中的微生物代谢规律.结果表明,在序批操作条件下,水解产酸菌对葡萄糖的代谢存在2条并列的途径,即直接代谢为VFA和首先转化为胞内储存物糖原,然后糖原再被转化为VFA.前者约占进水COD的34%～38%,而后者则高达41%～46%.F/M越高,糖原的储存量越大,当F/M分别为0.27、 0.20和0.14时,单位质量污泥糖原的最大储存量分别为116.8、 81.1和62.4 mg/g.糖原的储存减缓了VFA的积累,为ASBR反应器的高效和正常运行创造了条件.     

A/A系统反硝化除磷的强化及其稳定性研究

利用厌氧/缺氧(A/A)SBR,试验研究了选择和富集反硝化除磷菌(DPB)的条件.结果表明,采用电子供体和电子受体充分分开的两段进水方式运行,当厌氧段进水COD与缺氧段投加硝酸盐质量浓度为300 mg.L-1、50 mg.L-1,pH值约为7.0时,DPB可快速成为系统中的优势菌群,系统可达到良好的反硝化聚磷效果;将前述系统改变为一段进水方式运行后,系统仍具有良好的反硝化聚磷效果.在进水磷浓度同为20 mg.L-1下,在缺氧段投加磷的运行方式比在厌氧段投加磷的运行方式更能提高系统的除磷能力.     

Mass transfer in the absorption of SO2 and NOx using aqueous euchlorine scrubbing solution

Attempts have been made to generate euchlorine gas by chlorate-chloride process and to utilize it further to clean up SO2 and NOx from the flue gas in a lab scale bubbling reactor.Preliminary experiments were carried out to determine the gas and liquid phase mass transfer coefficients and their correlation equations have been established.Simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx from the simulated flue gas using aqueous euchlorine scrubbing solution has been investigated.Euchlorine oxidized NO into NO2 completely and the later subsequently absorbed into the scrubbing solution in the form of nitrate.SO2 removal efficiency of around 100% and NOx removal efficiency of around 72 % were achieved under optimized conditions.Mass balance has been confirmed by analyzing the sulfate, nitrate, euchlorine and chloride ion using ion chromatograph/auto-titrator and comparing it with their corresponding calculated values.     

Nitrogen removal via nitrite from municipal landfill leachate

A system consisting of a two-stage up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), an anoxic/aerobic (A/O) reactor and a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), was used to treat landfill leachate. During operation, denitrification and methanogenesis took place simultaneously in the first stage UASB, and the e uent chemical oxygen demand (COD) was further removed in the second stage UASB. Then the denitrification of nitrite and nitrate in the returned sludge by using the residual COD was accomplished in the A/O reactor, and ammonia was removed via nitrite in it. Last but not least, the residual ammonia was removed in SBR as well as nitrite and nitrate which were produced by nitrification. The results over 120 d (60 d for phase I and 60 d for phase II) were as follows: when the total nitrogen (TN) concentration of influent leachate was about 2500 mg/L and the ammonia nitrogen concentration was about 2000 mg/L, the shortcut nitrification with 85%–90% nitrite accumulation was achieved stably in the A/O reactor. The TN and ammonia nitrogen removal e ciencies of the system were 98% and 97%, respectively. The residual ammonia, nitrite and nitrate produced during nitrification in the A/O reactor could be washed out almost completely in SBR. The TN and ammonia nitrogen concentrations of final e uent were about 39 mg/L and 12 mg/L, respectively.     

Performance of microbiological control by a point-of-use filter system for drinking water purification

Purification capacity of a faucet mounted type water filter for home use was evaluated, particularly with regard to microbiological performance under di erent running conditions. Biofilms were formed inside the filter, a ecting the bacterial quality of the e uent water. Low flow rate, long stagnation period and high filter temperature were found favorable for bacterial growth inside. By commercial analytical profile index (API) kits, ten di erent bacterial species were identified in drinking water, four of which were probably contributed to the biofilm formation since they were also present in the biofilm. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to confirm the API identification results, and direct viable count (DVC) method was employed to improve the sensitivity of FISH for the isolated Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas putida as models. Relationship between the filter operating condition and the bacterial community alteration was partly revealed, which could provide the basic knowledge for the filter design and its practical use.     

Design of reaction conditions for the enhancement of microbial degradation of dyes in sequential cycles

The present study evaluated the potential of white-rot fungal strain Coriolus versicolor to decolorize five structurally di erent dyes in sequential batch reactors under optimized conditions. The experiments were run continuously for seven cycles of 8 d each. High decolorizing activity was observed even during the repeated reuse of the fungus, especially when the old medium was replaced with fresh medium after every cycle. Biodegradation was the dominating factor as the fungus was able to produce the enzyme laccase mainly, to mineralize synthetic dyes. The nutrients and composition of the medium played important roles in sustaining the decolorisation potential of the fungus. Corncob was found be an easy and cheap substitute for carbon source for the fungus. Glucose consumption by the fungus was in accordance to its decolorisation activity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction.     

生物活性炭滤池在给水深度处理中的应用

以臭氧-活性炭给水深度处理工艺中试试验为基础,研究活性炭滤池对微污染水的处理效果。实验结果表明:活性炭滤池出水高锰酸盐指数平均值为1.077mg/L,对砂滤池出水高锰酸盐指数的去除率为40.00%;氨氮平均值为0.037mg/L,去除率为94.57%;亚硝酸盐氮平均值为0.003mg/L,去除率为97.39%;浊度平均值为0.438NTU,去除率为13.61%。由此可见,活性炭滤池在此工艺中发挥着很重要的作用。