中空柱状生物膜载体在处理工业废水工程中的应用

本文介绍新开发的一种在污水处理中的高科技产品一高效生物膜载体,通过对其在与其他处理方式各方面择比研究过程中的高找到其特点,推广新科技。     

厌-好氧交替工艺处理辽河油田废水的试验

采用厌－好氧交替工艺处理适当稀释或原浓度的油田废水,进水ＣＯＤ３６０－９５０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＣＯＤ去除率均保持在６０％左右,经过厌氧ＵＡＳＢ反应器处理后的废水,再经ＡＡＡ工艺进行处理,在ＨＲＴ８－１２ｈ的条件下,其ＣＯＤ浓度能够从３５０ｍｇ／Ｌ降到１６０－２４０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＣＯＤ去除率有     

SEDIMENT AND NITROGEN TRANSPORT IN GRASS FILTER STRIPS1

ABSTRACT: An 18-month field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of grass filter strips in removing sediment and various nitrogen species from runoff. Runoff was collected from six 3.7 m wide experimental plots with 24.7 m long runoff source areas. Two plots had 8.5 m filters, two plots had 4.3 m filters, and two plots had no filters. Runoff was analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN),. filtered TKN (FTKN), NH₄⁺-N, and NO₃-N. The Mann-Kendall nonparametric test for trend (changes in filter effectiveness over time) indicated that there were no trends in the yields and concentrations of TSS, NO₃^--N, NH₄-N, TKN, and FTKN for the 8.5 m filter over time. For the shorter 4.3 m filters, there were significant upward trends in TKN yield and downward trends in TSS, NH4-N, and FTKN concentrations, indicating that trapping efficiency may have started changing with time. The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated that the 8.5 m filters reduced median yields and concentrations of TSS and all N species, but the 4.3 m filters only reduced the median yields and concentrations of TSS, NH₄⁺-N, TKN, and the median concentration of FTKN. The 8.5 and 4.3 m filters reduced contaminate yields and concentrations from 42 to 90 percent and from 20 to 83 percent, respectively.     

AUTOMATED METHODS FOR ESTIMATING BASEFLOW AND GROUND WATER RECHARGE FROM STREAMFLOW RECORDS1

ABSTRACT: To quantify and model the natural ground water recharge process, six sites located in the midwest and eastern United States where previous water balance observations had been made were compared to computerized techniques to estimate: (1) base flow and (2) ground water recharge. Results from an existing automated digital filter technique for separating baseflow from daily streamflow records were compared to baseflow estimates made in the six water balance studies. Previous validation of automated baseflow separation techniques consisted only of comparisons with manual techniques. In this study, the automated digital filter technique was found to compare well with measured field estimates yielding a monthly coefficient of determination of 0.86. The recharge algorithm developed in this study is an automated derivation of the Rorabaugh hydrograph recession curve displacement method that utilizes daily streamflow. Comparison of annual recharge from field water balance measurements to those computed with the automated recession curve displacement method had coefficients of determination of 0.76 and predictive efficiencies of 71 percent. Monthly estimates showed more variation and are not advocated for use with this method. These techniques appear to be fast, reproducible methods for estimating baseflow and annual recharge and should be useful in regional modeling efforts and as a quick check on mass balance techniques for shallow water table aquifers.     

Impacts of backwashing on micropollutant removal and associated microbial assembly processes in sand filters

● Backwashing in sand filters with 2-h and 4-h EBCTs was simulated. ● Removal efficiency of five micropollutants recovered within 2 d at 2-h EBCT. ● Active biomass of sand filters recovered within 2 d under two EBCTs. ● Microbial composition gradually recovered to pre-backwashing level at 2-h EBCT. ● Recovered microbes only accounted for 15.55 %–25.69 % in the sand filters at 4-h EBCT. Backwashing is crucial for preventing clogging of sand filters. However, few studies have investigated the effect of backwashing on micropollutant removal and the dynamic changes in the microbial community in sand filters. Here, we used a series of manganese and quartz sand filters under empty bed contact times (EBCTs) of 2 h and 4 h to explore variations in micropollutant degradation and temporal dynamics of the microbial community after backwashing. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of caffeine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, trimethoprim, atrazine, and active biomass recovered within 2 d after backwashing in both types of sand filters at 2-h EBCT, but the recovery of sulfadiazine and trimethoprim was not observed at 4-h EBCT. Moreover, the removal efficiency of atenolol increased after backwashing in the manganese sand filters, whereas maintained almost complete removal efficiency in the quartz sand filters at both EBCTs. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that microbial community composition gradually recovered to the pre-backwashing level (R increased from 0.53 to 0.97) at 2-h EBCT, but shifted at 4-h EBCT (R < 0.25) after backwashing. Furthermore, the compositions of the recovered, depleted, and improved groups of microbes were distinguished by applying hierarchical clustering to the differentially abundant amplicon sequence variants. The cumulative relative abundance of recovered microbes at 2-h EBCT was 82.76 % ± 0.43 % and 46.82 % ± 4.34 % in the manganese and quartz sand filters, respectively. In contrast, at 4-h EBCT, the recovered microbes dropped to 15.55 %–25.69 % in both types of sand filters.     

IC反应器厌氧处理MTO废水

以初步驯化后的絮状污泥作为内循环(IC)反应器的接种污泥,厌氧处理甲醇制烯烃(MTO)废水(COD大于50 000 mg/L、TOC大于10 000 mg/L),以高负荷、高进水浓度方式培养颗粒污泥,考察了反应器运行过程中废水处理效果及污泥性状的变化情况。实验结果表明:IC反应器的进水COD容积负荷可达29.0 kg/(m~3·d),COD和TOC去除率可稳定在96%以上;在污泥培养阶段,废水升流速率宜采用0.4~0.6 m/h;在颗粒污泥未成熟时废水升流速率不宜提高过快,而在颗粒污泥成熟后,废水升流速率可在一定范围内快速提高。     

滤膜过滤 微波干燥法快速测定水中悬浮物

采用滤膜过滤微波干燥技术,建立了水中悬浮物的快速测定方法。以0.45μm硝酸乙酸纤维素(CN-CA)滤膜为过滤介质,采用变功率连续加热模式,空白湿滤膜在10 min内恒重(900 W/5 min+500 W/5 min),附有悬浮物的湿滤膜在13 min内恒重(900 W/8 min+500 W/5 min)。选择不同质量浓度的高岭土标准样品和不同类别的实际样品进行方法性能测试,结果表明,该方法检出限为5 mg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.7%~7.1%,相对误差为2.0%~5.0%,采用该方法与采用标准方法《水质悬浮物的测定重量法》(GB 11901—89)测定实际样品的结果吻合。该方法显著缩短了水中悬浮物测定的分析时间,精密度和准确度能够满足分析要求,可用于地表水及一般工业排放废水中悬浮物质量浓度的快速测定。     

基于KZ滤波法的江淮地区PM2.5浓度变化影响分析

基于2018—2020年合肥、芜湖和马鞍山3个城市国控站点的PM_2.5逐日监测数据和同期地面气象观测资料,利用Kolmogorov-Zurbenko(KZ)滤波对PM_2.5日浓度的原始时间序列进行分解,获取短期分量、季节分量和长期分量,并进行多元线性逐步回归构建各分量与气象因子的模型,最后依据短期分量和基线分量的回归模型和残差分析,对序列进行重建,获取消除气象条件影响的PM_2.5长期分量。KZ滤波分析结果表明：2018—2020年气象条件对江淮区域PM_2.5污染改善影响存在波动,在2018—2019年为负贡献,而在2020年秋冬季则变为正贡献;江淮地区3个城市2018年和2020年PM_2.5修正后的长期分量均值表明气象条件对各市PM_2.5改善影响存在差异较大,气象条件对合肥PM_2.5改善的贡献仅为1.0%,芜湖为7.8%,马鞍山为21.0%;NAQPMS数值模式情景分析结果显示,减排措施对江淮之间PM_2.5浓度改...     

厌氧-往复好氧组合式工业废水处理新工艺

厌氧 往复好氧组合式工艺是针对我国传统的工业废水生物处理方式投资高、占地大、自动化程度低的实际状况而开发的一种高效、经济的废水处理新工艺。以该工艺装置处理啤酒废水的试验结果表明 ,厌氧 往复好氧组合式工艺去除有机物以及脱氮除磷的效果较好 ,同时还具有经常性运转费用低 ,投资省 ,占地面积小等特点     

带式浓缩压滤一体机系统分析

DYQN型带式浓缩压滤一体机是在消化吸收国外先进技术的基础上自行研制的新型高效污泥脱水设备 ,它在原有的QDY型带式压滤脱水机基础上增配DYQ型浓缩机 ,具有效率高、能耗低、脱水效果好、结构简单、维修方便等优点。目前广泛用于石油、化工、煤炭、冶金、建材、轻纺、食品及给排水环保等工程中的固液分离。