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我国青少年学生旅游市场营销策略 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
分析了青少年旅游市场开发的可行性,在了解青少年学生消费心理及行为特征的基础上。有针对性地提出了青少年学生旅游市场的营销策略。从而突破我国原有的以观光产品为主的旅游产品类型。推进我国旅游业的可持续发展。 相似文献
94.
紫露草微核技术对工业废水监测的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用紫露草微核技术,以自来水为对照,不同浓度的氯化汞、三氧化二砷溶液及十几个工厂废水进行微核效应比较试验,筛选出破坏遗传物质的工业废水及其相应的污染水平。观察紫露草微核率变化及细胞的分裂情况,证明紫露草微核技术是监测工业废水的良好方法。 相似文献
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Specific Contributions of Politics,Economics, and Toxicology in Setting Socially Consensual Limit Values 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
/ Limit values are legal limits for the concentrations of substances in the environment. They must be agreed upon in a consensual procedure between science, economics/technology, and political forces. This is a crucial political precondition for their social acceptance. The arguments put forward to justify their expediency and numerical level are based not only on risk-benefit considerations but also on the aspect of the technical avoidability of direct and indirect exposure. The critical assessment of the direct benefit of specified exposures falls within the responsibility of economics/technology, whereas criteria for their potential adverse effects (direct and indirect) are provided by medicine/biochemistry and/or ecology. Within this concept, the avoidance of nonbeneficial-even if not openly adverse-exposure is the essential aim of environmental hygiene and should be promoted by politics/science. In general, society or segments thereof reject adverse, accept beneficial, and tolerate unavoidable exposure. Conflicts of interest arise when different groups of society simultaneously define a given exposure as being adverse, beneficial, and unavoidable. Therefore, from the viewpoint of society as a whole, an optimal exposure lies as far as reasonably achievable at a level lower than known or plausible adverse effect thresholds (as defined by toxicology or ecology). This optimal level of exposure must be determined using a transparent and, hence, public procedure.KEY WORDS: Legal limit values; Benefit threshold; Social acceptance; Social tolerability; Adverse effect threshold; Avoidable exposure; Tolerance threshold; Environmental hygiene 相似文献
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Hugo A. Loaiciga Stephen Renehan 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1997,33(6):1313-1326
ABSTRACT: This paper synthesizes and interprets data pertaining to the evolution of average water revenue, water use, and the average cost of water supply in the City of Santa Barbara, California, from 1986 to 1996, a period which included one of the most devastating droughts in California this century. The 1987–1992 drought hit the study area particularly hard. The City of Santa Barbara was dependent exclusively on local sources for its water supply. That made it vulnerable as the regional climate is prone to extreme variability and recurrent droughts. The 1986–1992 drought provided a rare opportunity to assess the sensitivity of municipal water use to pricing, conservation, and other water management measures under extreme drought conditions. Our analysis indicates that the average cost of water rose more than three-fold in real terms from 1986 to 1996, while the gap between the average cost of supply and the average revenue per unit of water (= 100 cubic feet) rose in real terms from $0.14 in 1986 to $ 0.75 in 1996. The rise of $3.08 in the average cost of supplying one unit of water between 1986 and 1996 measures the cost of hedging drought risk in the study area. Water use dropped 46 percent at the height of the drought relative to pro-drought water use, and remains at 61 percent of the pre-drought level. The data derived from the 1987–1992 California drought are unique and valuable insofar as shedding light on drought/water demand adaptive interactions. The experience garnered on drought management during that unique period points to the possibilities available for future water management in the Arid West where dwindling water supplies and burgeoning populations are facts that we must deal with. 相似文献
99.
煤层气勘探开发和利用的环境影响分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
煤层气是煤层中自生自储的一种非常规天然气,其成分主要是甲烷。与煤和石油比较,煤层气是一种清洁能源,因此加快煤层气的开发和利用,能改善能源结构,缓和能源紧张状况,减少环境污染。根据煤层气的特点,详细分析了其对于大气环境、水环境以及土壤、植物的影响因素后指出:开发利用煤层气对大气环境的影响利大于弊,而对水体、土壤、农作物等则产生一系列不利影响。 相似文献
100.
石油污染生物修复技术研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文概述了影响石油污染物生物降解修复处理的多种因素,对石油污染生物处理技术的发展进行了展望。其中主要影响因素包括:菌种的影响,菌种在不同的环境中和对不同碳链长度的碳氢化合物表现出不同的降解效率;石油物质本身物理化学特性的影响,如石油物质在水体或土壤中的浓度以及石油的粘度、沸点、折射率等特性;生存环境条件的影响,在接种入高效率的降解菌或利用土著微生物进行降解时,降解率受到生存环境中各种条件的影响,如表面活性剂、光照条件、吸附剂的利用、营养盐、共代谢底物、氧气、温度、盐度等。 相似文献