High starter phosphorus fertilization facilitates soil phosphorus turnover by romoting microbial functional interaction in an arable soil

Microbial phosphorus (P) turnover is critical in C utilization efficiency in agroecosystems. It is therefore necessary to understand the P mobilization processes occurring during P fertilization in order to ensure both crop yield and environmental quality. Here, we established a controlled pot experiment containing soil amended with three different levels of starter P fertilizer and collected soil samples after 30, 60, and 90 days of incubation. Quantitative microbial element cycling (QMEC) smart chip technology and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to investigate functional gene structures involved in carbon, nitrogen and P cycling and the bacterial community composition of the collected samples. Although P fertilization did not significantly affect the structure of the soil microbial community, some rare microbiota were changed in particular phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria were enriched at the high P fertilization level, suggesting that the rare taxa make an important contribution to P turnover. P fertilization also altered the functional gene structure, and high P concentrations enhanced the functional gene diversity and abundance. Partial redundancy analysis further revealed that changes in rare taxa and functional genes of soil microorganisms drive the alteration of soil P pools. These findings extend our understanding of the microbial mechanisms of P turnover.     

气象要素对气溶胶光学厚度估算PM2.5的影响

地面监测得到的近地面细颗粒物PM_(2.5)浓度较为精确,但数据覆盖范围相对较小,卫星遥感反演的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)数据可以反映污染物浓度分布,具有范围大且速度快的特点,因此,大多数学者通过建立PM_(2.5)-AOD模型来实现卫星遥感监测PM_(2.5)浓度,并通过引入气象要素来优化模型.然而,气象要素的选择与引入往往对模型的精度有较大的影响,如何有效地选择对PM_(2.5)浓度影响较大的气象要素一直是PM_(2.5)-AOD模型中的关键问题.因此,本文基于华东地区2014—2015年的MODIS AOD和地面监测站的PM_(2.5)浓度数据,结合再分析气象资料,利用多元逐步线性回归方法建立PM_(2.5)-AOD模型,从由特定时刻、高度上的气象要素与随时间、高度变化的气象要素组成的气象要素集中,筛选出对因变量PM_(2.5)浓度有显著影响的关键气象要素.结果表明:在地域与季节双重尺度下的PM_(2.5)-AOD模型精度更高;相较于特定时刻高度的气象要素,随时间和高度变化的气象要素对PM_(2.5)-AOD模型的影响更为显著;在地域与季节双重尺度下,1000～850 hPa经向风速差、世界时0:00—6:00近地面温度差、850～600 hPa温度差、6:00边界层高度、12:00—18:00近地面压强差、1000～850 hPa温度差对模型影响较大,但应依据不同季节和不同地区的具体影响程度作为选择标准.     

稻壳生物炭对污染土壤中稀土元素生物有效性的影响

利用农业秸秆制备了污染土壤修复材料稻壳生物炭和稻壳灰,在模拟稀土（REE）污染的酸性土壤中,添加0、5%和10%的稻壳灰（RHA）稻壳生物炭（RHB）,通过栽培实验考察RHA和RHB对REEs的形态和生物有效性的影响.春秋两季的盆栽实验结果表明,RHA和RHB的添加有效的降低了稀土的弱酸可提取态,随着添加量的增加效果越明显,10% RHA和10% RHB土壤中REEs的弱酸（乙酸）提取态较对照组分别降低了31.65%、19.915%,弱酸可提取态转化为了可还原态,与对照组相比,RHA和RHB的土壤中稀土元素的可还原态分别增加了26.367%、10.321%.两种修复材料显著降低了胡萝卜和茼蒿对稀土元素的富集,10% RHA处理组胡萝卜和茼蒿REEs含量分别较对照组降低了98.08%、93.41%,10% RHB胡萝卜和茼蒿REEs含量分别较对照组降低了68.61%、66.75%.研究结果表明,稻壳生物炭和稻壳灰的施用,能够有效的改善污染土壤的理化性质,降低稀土元素生物可利用态的含量,从而遏制植物对稀土元素的富集.     

频域子结构方法在力学环境预示中的应用研究

目的利用频域子结构方法(FBSM,FRF Based Sub-structuring Method)对结构的力学环境进行准确高效地预示。方法分别对处理子结构间为刚性连接和弹性连接两种问题的FBSM进行理论推导。为了验证FBSM的正确性,设计连接为刚性连接和弹性连接两种算例结构,并将FBSM对算例结构频响函数的计算结果与有限元方法(FEM,Finite Element Method)的对应计算结果进行对比。其中,弹性连接利用空间梁单元进行等效,并将该等效方法与利用六自由度标量弹簧的等效方法进行对比。结果对于刚性连接和弹性连接两种情况,FBSM对频响函数的计算结果均与FEM的对应计算结果吻合程度良好。此外,空间梁单元的结点刚度矩阵为非对角阵,与六自由度标量弹簧相比,可更为准确地等效工程实际中的弹性连接。结论FBSM可对结构的力学环境进行准确高效的预示,且在处理具有弹性连接结构的力学环境预示问题时,可采用空间梁单元等效弹性连接。     

航天器结构声振耦合问题的有限元-边界元方法数值仿真研究

针对高超声速、结构轻量化带来的航天器复杂结构声振耦合动力学环境难以精准预示问题,提出一种基于有限元-边界元(FEM-BEM)方法的声振耦合问题数值仿真方法。分析国内外求解声振耦合问题的主要数值仿真方法,从影响航天器性能设计的低中频声振耦合动力学特性入手,采用有限元-边界元方法,以航天器典型结构截锥壳为研究对象,开展混响噪声作用下的声振耦合研究。建立了声振耦合模型,获得了主体结构、主要支撑结构及设备的声振耦合响应。提出的数值仿真方法和仿真分析过程,为航天器声振耦合分析提供了理论基础和仿真手段。     

呼和浩特盆地西部大面积富砷地下水水质检测分析

经对呼和浩特盆地西部深层水１０００ｋｍ￣２、浅层水６００ｋｍ￣２范围内进行水质检测分析，发现其深、浅两层地下水均富砷，浅水有１８．８％、深水有４０．９％的水样砷含量超过国家饮用水卫生标准。测得水体总砷中以三价砷为主。溶解氧含量低，铁、锰离子为痕量，硫酸盐、亚硝酸盐氮含量也均低，同时有低硒、高氟现象，提示该地区为富含有机质的强还原环境，有利于砷的迁移富集，对饮水型砷中毒起着促进作用。     

小流域森林生态系统土壤发生与元素地球化学特性

本文研究了广东五华县牛角塘综合治理试验区几种典型森林生态系统土壤的物质迁移、肥力特性及元素迁移与富集传性，结果表明，生态类型的差异不仅会影响到土壤的肥力状况，同时由于水土流失等因素的影响，还会造成土壤机械组成、元素迁移富集特点以及其它发生学特性的差异，林地、半林地及光山地之间在这些方面也存在着明显的差异性．     

Testing Accuracy of Finite Element and Random Walk Schemes in Prediction of Pollutant Dispersion in Coastal Waters

Distribution of pollutants in coastal waters is usually represented by depth averaged twodimensional convection-dispersion equation. Under very specific conditions this equation can be solved analytically. Although such a solution is restricted to simplified situations it provides a very useful case for testing the performance of various numerical solution techniques currently available for the simulation of convective-dispersion of pollutants in natural water systems. In this paper the analytical solution of the convective dispersion equation is used as a benchmark against which the accuracy of other techniques are assessed. These assessments are based on quantitative comparisons between the results of the solution of two-dimensional convection-dispersion equation by the deterministic finite element and stochastic random walk methods. Both Eulerian and Lagrangian frameworks are employed to obtain the finite element solution of the convection-dispersion problem. It has been shown that the Lagrange–Galerkin finite element scheme yields the most accurate results for the case under study. However, computational costs of the Lagrange–Galerkin method can be relatively high and under certain conditions it may be reasonable to use a less accurate but cost effective random walk scheme to make water quality management decisions.     

甘肃省景观地球化学特征初探

分析了甘肃省境内的地球化学景观特征 ,将甘肃省划分为 6个不同的地球化学景观区 ,并依据甘肃省地质矿产局 2 0余年的 1:2 0万水系沉积物测量资料 ,统计出各景观区元素含量的算数平均值及标准离差 ,与全国相应元素的水系沉积物背景值进行了对比。     

谈人为因素对船舶防污染的影响及解决思路

简述了人为因素及其特点。分析了船舶溢油事故的成因。从人为因素的角度提出防治船舶污染的思路