丹水撇洪渠右岸边坡的稳定性分析

长阳县丹水撇洪渠右岸边坡沿途多处有变形严重的现象,研究其稳定性对确保渠道安全有重要意义。综合应用刚体极限平衡法和有限单元法分析和评价了该边坡的稳定性。计算分析表明,局部边坡段在各种工况下整体稳定性均不能满足规范要求,并提出了有关治理措施的建议。     

移动床生物膜反应器在污水处理中的应用研究

应用好氧移动床生物膜反应器处理生活污水,厌氧复合生物反应器处理高浓度有机废水,厌氧－好氧移动床生物膜工艺处理食品废水的试验均取得良好的效果。试验结果表明,该工艺具有处理效率高,出水水质稳定,耐冲击负荷能力强,占地少,结构紧凑,维护管理简单的特点。     

天津地区气象要素与花粉浓度的关系

通过分析天津市1999-2005年的逐日花粉量与气象要素之间的关系,研究了相关气象要素对花粉浓度的影响。结果表明:气象条件不同,每年花粉浓度高峰期出现的时间以及花粉浓度存在很大差异,而且不同气象要素对花粉的影响程度明显不同。同时分析了不同降水、风力、云量条件下花粉量变化的百分比。根据此研究结果订正逐日花粉浓度预报方程,该方程的预报准确率较以前提高了9.5%。     

海原地震区不同地貌单元的黄土斜坡动力响应

近年来,许多学者利用现场地震监测或数值试验来研究斜坡的地震响应,然而不同斜坡往往存在不同类型的地貌单元,其动力响应机制往往也存在很大差异。本文依托海原大地震区域,基于室内试验、现场波速测试等方法,运用有限元数值模拟技术对海原大地震影响范围内不同地貌单元的斜坡的动力响应进行了研究。结果表明：黄土塬具有高程放大效应,在同一高程水平面上,且距坡面一定范围内时越趋近坡面斜坡动力放大系数(peak ground acceleration amplification coefficient,PGA放大系数)越大;对比不同类型的地貌单元,地层结构相同的斜坡其响应规律一致,但在古土壤层其PGA放大效应会减弱。模型分析较好地揭示了人工合成地震波作用下黄土高原斜坡的动力放大效应,可为不同地貌单元地震诱发的地质灾害的风险评价和防灾减灾提供有益的借鉴与参考。     

Sensitivity of Head and Cervical Spine Injury Measures to Impact Factors Relevant to Rollover Crashes

Objective: Serious head and cervical spine injuries have been shown to occur mostly independent of one another in pure rollover crashes. In an attempt to define a dynamic rollover crash test protocol that can replicate serious injuries to the head and cervical spine, it is important to understand the conditions that are likely to produce serious injuries to these 2 body regions. The objective of this research is to analyze the effect that impact factors relevant to a rollover crash have on the injury metrics of the head and cervical spine, with a specific interest in the differentiation between independent injuries and those that are predicted to occur concomitantly.

Methods: A series of head impacts was simulated using a detailed finite element model of the human body, the Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS), in which the impactor velocity, displacement, and direction were varied. The performance of the model was assessed against available experimental tests performed under comparable conditions. Indirect, kinematic-based, and direct, tissue-level, injury metrics were used to assess the likelihood of serious injuries to the head and cervical spine.

Results: The performance of the THUMS head and spine in reconstructed experimental impacts compared well to reported values. All impact factors were significantly associated with injury measures for both the head and cervical spine. Increases in impact velocity and displacement resulted in increases in nearly all injury measures, whereas impactor orientation had opposite effects on brain and cervical spine injury metrics. The greatest cervical spine injury measures were recorded in an impact with a 15° anterior orientation. The greatest brain injury measures occurred when the impactor was at its maximum (45°) angle.

Conclusions: The overall kinetic and kinematic response of the THUMS head and cervical spine in reconstructed experiment conditions compare well with reported values, although the occurrence of fractures was overpredicted. The trends in predicted head and cervical spine injury measures were analyzed for 90 simulated impact conditions. Impactor orientation was the only factor that could potentially explain the isolated nature of serious head and spine injuries under rollover crash conditions. The opposing trends of injury measures for the brain and cervical spine indicate that it is unlikely to reproduce the injuries simultaneously in a dynamic rollover test.     

高能-钝感复合装药结构冲击波感度数值模拟

为得到复合装药结构对冲击波感度的响应情况,采用显式有限元程序AUTODYN对高能炸药和钝感炸药的复合结构进行隔板试验的数值模拟。分析被发药柱内部的压力时程曲线,并据此判定是否发生爆轰,继而得到反映冲击波感度的隔板值。模拟结果显示复合结构尺寸与冲击波感度的非线性关系,拟合得到的公式可为工程中装药结构设计提供参考依据。这种结构用于战斗部装填设计,能够提高战斗部在冲击波载荷下的安全性。     

黔西南高砷煤热解过程中微量元素释放规律研究

采用高温箱式电阻炉对黔西南海子地区煤样进行热解,研究了在300~1200℃下慢速热解过程中,热解温度、元素赋存状态和灰分对微量元素释放规律的影响.结果表明,热解温度是影响煤失重和微量元素挥发的主要原因. As、Mo在900℃以上挥发较快; Pb热解前期挥发较快,450℃以上挥发缓慢;Sb随热解温度的升高缓慢增大.微量元素的挥发性还与赋存状态关系密切,有机态最为活泼;硫化物态和碳酸盐态在热解后期由于矿物的分解而逐步释放;硅酸盐态最稳定,基本残留在灰分中.灰分越高微量元素越不易挥发.     

北京地区空气中PM10的元素组分及其变化

2000年6—7月,12月和2001年4—5月在北京北郊分别采集了代表夏季、冬季和春季的大气颗粒物样品,经分析后获得了不同季节、不同大气污染情况下气溶胶中Ca,S,Al,Fe,K,Zn等30种元素质量浓度。对不同污染情况下PM₁₀中元素组分的变化分析表明,PM₁₀中的元素总质量浓度呈现出明显的季节变化,即春季最高,冬季次之,夏季最低,Ca,Fe,K,Al,S是PM₁₀中的5种主要元素。随着空气污染的加重,PM₁₀中的元素总质量浓度明显增加,在春季这一增加达到7倍之多。在重污染情况下,无论在近地面,还是在边界层,PM₁₀中的主要元素排序夏季以地壳元素为首,而冬春季均以污染元素为首。一般情况下,PM₁₀中的元素总质量浓度在近地层中随高度升高而降低,降低幅度约为20%。分析结果还表明,随着空气污染的加重,PM₁₀中的污染元素,尤其是As,Cr,Co,Cu,Ni,PPb,Se,Zn等低浓度污染元素的浓度明显增加。      

新疆阿克提什坎金矿床微量元素特征

阿克提什坎金矿床位于北阿尔泰诺尔特地区南缘东段 ,赋存于下石炭统红山嘴组地层中。系统地研究了该金矿床微量元素的组成特征 ,并应用等位线方法讨论了热液蚀变作用过程中微量元素的行为 ,并对微量元素在热液蚀变过程中迁移的质量进行了计算 ,研究表明在热液蚀变作用过程中 ,微量元素尤其是Au、As等元素活动强烈 ,有较大的带入和带出 ,微量元素尤其是成矿元素表现出随蚀变程度加深变化量加大的特点     

新型移动床膜生物反应器处理PVA废水的实验研究

将移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）与膜生物反应器（MBR）有机结合,形成一体化式新型移动床膜生物反应器（M—MBBR）。采用M—MBBR对PVA废水的处理效果进行了研究,介绍了反应器的结构,并考察了水力停留时间、COD容积负荷及曝气量等操作条件对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,在水力停留时间8h,气水比为120：1,COD容积负荷在1．4—2．8kg／（m^3·d）范围内变化时处理效果最佳且出水保持稳定。在此操作条件下,M—MBBR对PVA和COD的去除率可分别达到54％和69％左右。