混凝土板墙加固后墙片与剪力墙性能的对比研究

首先通过3个墙片的水平低周反复伪动力试验,对比研究了混凝土板墙加固后墙片与剪力墙的承载力、耗能能力等各项抗震性能.由于试验条件的限制,试验仅对比研究了120 mm混凝土剪力墙与双面60 mm混凝土板墙加固后墙片的抗震性能.在试验基础上,利用有限元软件建立合理的计算模型,将计算结果与试验结果进行了对比分析;利用该计算模型...     

热采井套损机理及套管强度优化设计

我国稠油资源丰富,然而稠油热采井套管损坏现象普遍存在,且有越来越严重的趋势,提高热采井套管寿命是稠油开采过程中迫切需要解决的问题。分析了热采井套管损坏主要原因,认为高温引起的强度变化、油层出砂亏空、固井质量差、隔热措施不利及套管本身材质问题都有可能引起热采井套管损坏。采用有限元分析软件ANSYS计算了不同隔热措施、不同注汽温度、不同注汽压力、不同套管材料及壁厚条件下套管应力分布规律。计算结果表明,为减少稠油热采井套管损坏,采用隔热措施较好的油管可以明显降低套管上的等效应力,同时在套管柱设计过程中应优选低弹性模量、厚壁套管。提出了VonMises等效应力对比高温屈服强度的校核新方法,为稠油热采井套管强度设计提供依据。     

方中空夹层钢管混凝土受力性能研究

以空心率、名义含钢率、长细比、内钢管径厚比为主要参数,利用有限元软件ANSYS对方中空夹层钢管混凝土柱在轴力和水平荷载作用下进行了非线性有限元计算,以考察不同影响因素对方中空夹层钢管混凝土柱实际受力性能的影响。试验表明：与普通方钢管混凝土柱相比,方中空夹层钢管混凝土柱承载力有了明显的提高,刚度也有所提高。名义含钢率和长细比是方中空夹层钢管混凝土柱设计的主要影响因素,实际工程中要严格控制这两个参数。方中空夹层钢管混凝土柱达到极限荷载后,仍表现出良好的延性和后期变形能力,其受力性能明显优于方钢管混凝土柱,是一种优良的结构形式,它能够满足人们对现代结构安全性和适用性的要求。     

基于ANSYS对车用全复合材料CNG气瓶的安全研究

基于车用全复合材料CNG气瓶近年发生爆炸事故和定期检验中合格率偏低,主要问题在于气瓶内胆存在裂纹、开裂等缺陷。应用ANSYS有限元软件对现役全复合材料气瓶进行模拟,采用自上而下的建模方法,对全复合材料CNG气瓶进行建模,计算、分析全复合材料CNG气瓶在工作压力、试验压力、爆破压力下的应力、应变分布。模拟计算结论为现役全复合材料CNG气瓶出现的裂纹、开裂等缺陷与内胆材料强度不足和气瓶结构设计密切相关。全复合材料CNG气瓶的设计制造阶段要充分考虑内胆材料强度,合理选材,进一步完善气瓶瓶身与瓶阀过渡区域的结构设计,提出改进检验工艺方案。     

南京市不同功能区冬季大气PM2.5分布特征及其来源解析

2016年12月-2017年1月,在南京市4类典型功能区（农业区、住宅区、交通干道区、工业区）各选两点,共采集了大气PM_2.5样品32套,测定并分析了其质量浓度、9种水溶性离子（WSIs）、有机碳（OC）以及元素碳（EC）的含量.观测期间,南京市冬季PM_2.5的平均浓度为104.5 μg·m^-3,分布特征为：工业区（116.6 μg·m^-3）>农业区（104.3 μg·m^-3）>住宅区（100.1 μg·m^-3）>交通干道区（96.9 μg·m^-3）;WSIs、OC和EC的平均浓度（/PM_2.5）分别为：53.4 μg·m^-3（51.1%）、11.8 μg·m^-3（11.3%）、8.2 μg·m^-3（7.8%）.农业区和住宅区受WSIs污染较严重且NOR、SOR较高,而工业区和交通干道区的OC、EC污染较严重且SOC/OC较高.进一步运用PMF模型解析,南京市冬季PM_2.5来源为：二次源（37.3%）、工业源（31.2%）、交通源（16.4%）、建筑尘（7.9%）和燃煤源（7.2%）.最后,本文收集了自2000年起南京市冬季大气PM_2.5浓度及其污染来源研究,总体而言,近年来南京冬季大气PM_2.5浓度呈下降趋势,其主要污染源比重也发生了较大变化,燃煤贡献有所下降,而工业和交通排放逐渐上升,且二次污染贡献逐渐突出.今后,控制二次污染源将成为南京市大气PM_2.5治理的重中之重.     

Dimpling process in cold roll metal forming by finite element modelling and experimental validation

The dimpling process is a novel cold-roll forming process that involves dimpling of a rolled flat strip prior to the roll forming operation. This is a process undertaken to enhance the material properties and subsequent products’ structural performance while maintaining a minimum strip thickness. In order to understand the complex and interrelated nonlinear changes in contact, geometry and material properties that occur in the process, it is necessary to accurately simulate the process and validate through physical tests. In this paper, 3D non-linear finite element analysis was employed to simulate the dimpling process and mechanical testing of the subsequent dimpled sheets, in which the dimple geometry and material properties data were directly transferred from the dimpling process. Physical measurements, tensile and bending tests on dimpled sheet steel were conducted to evaluate the simulation results. Simulation of the dimpling process identified the amount of non-uniform plastic strain introduced and the manner in which this was distributed through the sheet. The plastic strain resulted in strain hardening which could correlate to the increase in the strength of the dimpled steel when compared to plain steel originating from the same coil material. A parametric study revealed that the amount of plastic strain depends upon on the process parameters such as friction and overlapping gap between the two forming rolls. The results derived from simulations of the tensile and bending tests were in good agreement with the experimental ones. The validation indicates that the finite element analysis was able to successfully simulate the dimpling process and mechanical properties of the subsequent dimpled steel products.     

Numerical modelling of electrohydraulic free-forming and die-forming of DP590 steel

Electrohydraulic forming (EHF) is a high energy rate forming process in which the strain rate in the sheet metal can vary from 5 × 10² to 10⁵ s⁻¹ depending on various factors. Several mechanisms have been reported to cause an improvement in formability in EHF such as material deformation mechanisms, inertial effects and the dynamic impact of the sheet against the die. EHF is a complex high speed forming process and experimental work alone is not sufficient to properly understand this process. To understand the variation of some influential variables in EHF, electrohydraulic die-forming (EHDF) and free-forming (EHFF) of DP590 dual phase steel were simulated in ABAQUS/Explicit by considering the fluid/structure interactions. Three-dimensional finite element simulations were conducted by modelling the water with Eulerian elements with a view to investigating the effect of released energy on the sheet deformation profile history, strain distribution, loading path and damage accumulation type. The Johnson–Cook constitutive material model was used to predict the sheet behaviour and the parameters in this model were calibrated based on experimental test results available for DP590 at various strain rates. The Johnson–Cook phenomenological damage model was also used to predict the ductile failure (damage accumulation) in both EHDF and EHFF. Predicted final strain values and damage accumulation type showed good agreement with the experimental observations.     

茂兰喀斯特地区常见蕨类植物根际土氮、磷、钾营养元素含量特征

为探讨喀斯特地区植物根际土壤的养分含量特征及植物的适生机制,本文以茂兰喀斯特地区的专性钙生植物种、厌钙植物种和广布种三类对石灰土环境适生能力不同的蕨类植物为研究对象,采用剥落分离法收集根际和非根际土壤,分别对其氮、磷、钾元素进行测定分析。结果表明:(1)研究区土壤全氮含量无论是根际土还是非根际土均较高,根际土为专性钙生植物种广布种厌钙植物种,非根际土为石灰土酸性土,不同种(类)植物根际土壤间差异显著(p0.05)。全磷和有机磷含量均是石灰土显著高于酸性土(p0.05);石灰土非根际土全P含量处于较高水平,有效P偏低,酸性土非根际土有效P处于极低水平;不同种(类)植物根际土各形态磷素含量变异特征与非根际土各形态磷素含量变异特征基本一致。全钾含量无论根际还是非根际均是酸性土稍高于石灰土,而速效钾含量却是石灰土显著高于酸性土(p0.05);各植物种根际土壤速效K含量多处于中等偏低水平,而在不同类植物根际土壤中,除厌钙植物种处于较低水平外均达到较高水平,在石灰土非根际土壤和酸性土非根际土壤中也达到高到极高水平;各类土壤全钾含量均处于较低水平。(2)专性钙生植物种根际土壤较厌钙植物种根际土壤对土壤全N、全P、全K、有机P、有效P和速效K的根际效应均要强,其中,专性钙生植物种根际土壤中的全N、全P、有机P和有效P含量均高于非根际土壤。专性钙生植物种和广布种对土壤P、K具有较强的活化能力,厌钙植物种的活化能力相对较弱,但对其需求、吸收的程度较高。(3)根际及非根际土壤各元素含量及变异特征主要受土壤类型、质地、水热条件、生物活动等因素的影响。厌钙植物种对土壤P、K活化能力较弱而需求较高可能是其在石灰土上生长受限的原因之一。     

钙同位素在森林生态系统中的研究进展

钙作为植物必需的营养元素之一,对维持森林生态系统稳定有重要作用。本文综述了钙同位素的分析方法和分馏机理,并指出钙同位素分馏可以用来示踪森林系统中钙的来源及途径。在森林生态系统的研究中,土壤与植物之间的钙同位素分馏可以用于区域物质循环的估算。同时对利用钙同位素在森林生态系统对环境响应及生态系统演化应用进行了总结,并基于当前研究对未来采用钙同位素在生物地球化学循环的研究方向进行了展望。     

横向穿越滑坡段埋地管道应变响应特性研究*

为准确描述横向滑坡作用下管道非线性响应特征,采用非线性自适应网格技术建立横向穿越滑坡段埋地管道三维有限元模型,利用非线性接触模型表征管土之间、滑坡体与非滑坡体之间的相互作用,探究滑坡位移、埋深及壁厚对管道应变响应特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:随着滑坡位移增大,滑坡体与非滑坡体交界区域和管道位移最大区域两侧管道应变显著增大,易发生失效;结合应变失效判定准则分析,管道不发生失效的最大滑坡位移、最小管道壁厚及最大埋深,在本文算例中分别是0.36 m、9.50 mm、0.97 m。因此管道经过滑坡区时,可适当增大壁厚、减小埋深;滑坡发生后,应重点关注滑坡体与非滑坡体交界区域及管道位移最大区域两侧的变形情况。研究结果可为穿越横向滑坡管道的设计及安全运营提供一定参考。