综放面风量调节范围与安全评价的数值模拟分析

结合实际算例 ,用迎风有限元方法 ,从理论上得出了采空区瓦斯绝对涌出量与工作面风量呈指数关系 ,采空区氧化带宽度与工作面风量呈负指数关系。按排放瓦斯要求和工作面生产的供风要求 ,确定风量下限 ,从防止采空区自然发火的角度 ,确定风量的上限 ,由此 ,得出合理的风量范围。引入了范围极差的概念 ,当风量极差越大 ,安全情况越好 ,反之 ,采空区的自然发火与瓦斯涌出二者是不可调和的 ,必须采取防治措施来提高风量极差值。     

基于粗糙集-人工神经网络的航空安全文化评价模型研究

根据航空运输企业安全生产系统的特征,制定相对科学的、适用的安全文化评价指标体系。将粗糙集、人工神经网络方法应用于航空安全文化评价研究。首先,通过问卷调查与粗糙集方法相结合,对安全文化评价指标信息表进行设定。利用粗糙集的属性约简功能,确定航空安全文化的核心要素;其次,利用人工神经网络对约简后指标权重进行计算;经过仿真实验,训练后的神经网络较好地获取并保存了安全文化评价的知识和经验,能够较为准确地对航空安全文化进行评价。     

COMPARISON OF 1-D AND 2-D MODELING OF OVERLAND RUNOFF AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT1

ABSTRACT: One-dimensional and two-dimensional modeling approaches were compared for their abilities in predicting overland runoff and sediment transport. Both 1-D and 2-D models were developed to test the hypothesis that the 2-D modeling approach could improve the model predictions over the 1-P approach, based on the same mathematical representations of physical processes for runoff and sediment transport. The models developed in this study were applied to overland areas with cross slopes. A hypothetical case and an experimental study reported by Storm (1991) were used. Based on the simulation results from the selected hypothetical case and experimental study, the 2-D model provided better representation of spatial distribution of flow depths and sediment concentrations than the 1-D model. However, no significant differences in predictions of total runoff volume and sediment yield at the outlet area were found between the 1-D and 2-D models.     

CONTROL OF NATURAL BRINE SPRINGS IN BRAZOS RWER BASIN PART I: RECOVERY SYSTEM1

ABSTRACT: The water quality in the Brazos River in Texas is seriously degraded by natural salt pollution in the upper Brazos River. Controlling the natural salt springs and seeps in the Dove Creek area will reduce the chloride concentration in the Brazos River by nearly 45 percent. The brine that is discharged as natural springs and seeps in the Dove Creek area is from two sources: (1) local recharge and (2) deep-basin. A preliminary design of the brine recovery system was developed in this phase of the study. A three-dimensional, finite element model to simulate groundwater flow in anisotropic and heterogeneous media under steady state conditions was developed to assist with the design and evaluation of brine recovery systems in the Dove Creek area. Model simulations indicate that a shallow-well brine recovery system pumping about 56 l/s (2 cfs) of brine will eliminate approximately 45 percent of chloride discharging into the upper Brazos River.     

中空夹层钢管再生混凝土柱火灾后力学性能分析

基于ABAQUS建立中空夹层钢管再生混凝土短柱理论模型,进行受火后加载模拟,受火过程采用ISO-834标准升、降温曲线。进而探究柱构件在受火全过程中的温度分布规律和受火后的力学性能。并分析了受火时间、空心率、取代率、名义含钢率、钢管强度和混凝土强度等参数对柱构件剩余承载力的影响。结果表明:受火时间、含钢率、混凝土强度和钢材强度对构件剩余承载力影响较明显,空心率和取代率对构件剩余承载力影响较小;受火45 min和90 min后,空心率取33.90%能较大限度减轻构件自重,且具备良好的抗火性能。     

基于有限元的局部突变位移载荷下埋地管道力学分析

冻土融沉、盐渍土溶陷等地质灾害会导致局部土壤产生一定位移,对埋地长输管道安全性构成威胁。为保障埋地管道的安全运行,建立了局部突变型位移载荷作用下埋地管道力学分析模型,采用非线性土弹簧描述管土相互作用,分析了局部突变区域长度及突变位移量对埋地管道受力的影响。研究结果表明:因局部突变区长度与突变位移量的不同,管道存在3种受力状态,当局部突变区域长度大于临界突变区长度时,管道轴心应变与弯曲应变在突变区域内不产生耦合,此时在突变区域两端可等效为2个垂直正断层,即为第一种受力状态;当突变区域长度小于临界突变区长度时,随着突变位移的增加,管道应变随之增加,管道轴心应变与弯曲应变在突变区域内不断叠加,即为第二种受力状态;在第二种受力状态基础上,当突变位移大于临界突变位移时,管道应变不再发生变化,管道等效为受到垂向均布荷载的作用,即为第三种受力状态。研究结果可为工程中管道穿越地质灾害区域的设计提供参考。     

带肋薄壁方钢管混凝土柱温度场试验研究与分析

为研究带肋薄壁钢管混凝土柱在火灾下的温度分布,进行3根足尺带肋薄壁方钢管混凝土柱升温试验。建立方钢管混凝土柱温度场有限元模型,模型计算结果与实验结果符合较好。利用模型分析了典型的温度场分布规律,并研究了各参数对构件温度场的影响规律。结果表明:构件截面温度场在四面受火状态下呈双轴对称分布,且角部温度较高。加劲肋对构件温度场的影响仅限于焊接点附近,加劲肋间距和含钢率对构件整体温度场影响微小;截面边长、受火时间和受火方式是影响构件温度场的主要因素。     

某山坡露天矿边坡稳定性的FLAC3D研究

某山坡露天矿,原设计的最终边坡角约为46°。为了探索最终边坡角的合理性,应用快速拉格朗日有限差分法FLAC3D在摩尔-库伦准则下搜索该岩质山坡露天边坡的潜在受拉区,判定其稳定性。结果表明:经济合理的最终边坡角是50°38';应用8 m长的锚索加固局部台阶可减小其潜在受拉区中的拉应力;并段将减小边坡的稳定性;爆破开挖时的同段最大装药量与爆距对边坡稳定性影响明显。该方法确定最终边坡角技术可行,它适用于研究岩质边坡的稳定性,克服了用极限平衡法研究边坡稳定性必须事先假定滑动面的弱点。     

Can new passenger cars reduce pedestrian lower extremity injury? A review of geometrical changes of front-end design before and after regulatory efforts

Objective: Pedestrian lower extremity represents the most frequently injured body region in car-to-pedestrian accidents. The European Directive concerning pedestrian safety was established in 2003 for evaluating pedestrian protection performance of car models. However, design changes have not been quantified since then. The goal of this study was to investigate front-end profiles of representative passenger car models and the potential influence on pedestrian lower extremity injury risk.

Methods: The front-end styling of sedans and sport utility vehicles (SUV) released from 2008 to 2011 was characterized by the geometrical parameters related to pedestrian safety and compared to representative car models before 2003. The influence of geometrical design change on the resultant risk of injury to pedestrian lower extremity—that is, knee ligament rupture and long bone fracture—was estimated by a previously developed assessment tool assuming identical structural stiffness. Based on response surface generated from simulation results of a human body model (HBM), the tool provided kinematic and kinetic responses of pedestrian lower extremity resulted from a given car's front-end design.

Results: Newer passenger cars exhibited a “flatter” front-end design. The median value of the sedan models provided 87.5 mm less bottom depth, and the SUV models exhibited 94.7 mm less bottom depth. In the lateral impact configuration similar to that in the regulatory test methods, these geometrical changes tend to reduce the injury risk of human knee ligament rupture by 36.6 and 39.6% based on computational approximation. The geometrical changes did not significantly influence the long bone fracture risk.

Conclusions: The present study reviewed the geometrical changes in car front-ends along with regulatory concerns regarding pedestrian safety. A preliminary quantitative benefit of the lower extremity injury reduction was estimated based on these geometrical features. Further investigation is recommended on the structural changes and inclusion of more accident scenarios.     

Experimental investigation of ash deposits on convection heating surfaces of a circulating fluidized bed municipal solid waste incinerator

Incineration of municipal solid waste(MSW) is a waste treatment method which can be sustainable in terms of waste volume reduction, as well as a source of renewable energy.During MSW combustion, increased formation of deposits on convection heating exchanger surfaces can pose severe operational problems, such as fouling, slagging and corrosion.These problems can cause lower heat transfer efficiency from the hot flue gas to the working fluid inside the tubes. A study was performed where experiments were carried out to examine the ash deposition characteristics in a full-scale MSW circulating fluidized bed(CFB) incinerator, using a newly designed deposit probe that was fitted with six thermocouples and four removable half rings. The influence of probe exposure time and probe surface temperature(500, 560, and 700℃) on ash deposit formation rate was investigated. The results indicate that the deposition mass and collection efficiency achieve a minimum at the probe surface temperature of 560℃. Ash particles are deposited on both the windward and leeward sides of the probe by impacting and thermophoretic/condensation behavior. The major inorganic elements present in the ash deposits are Ca,Al and Si. Compared to ash deposits formed on the leeward side of the probe,windward-side ash deposits contain relatively higher Ca and S concentrations, but lower levels of Al and Si. Among all cases at different surface temperatures, the differences in elemental composition of the ash deposits from the leeward side are insignificant.However, as the surface temperature increases, the concentrations of Al, Si, K and Na in the windward-side ash deposits increase, but the Ca concentration is reduced. Finally,governing mechanisms are proposed on the basis of the experimental data, such as deposit morphology, elemental composition and thermodynamic calculations.