Growth and photosynthetic responses to copper in wild grapevine

The present study evaluates the tolerance and accumulation potential of Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris under moderate and high external Cu levels. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effects of a range of external Cu concentrations (0–23 mmol L⁻¹) on growth and photosynthetic performance by measuring gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic pigments. We also measured the total copper, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium and sodium concentrations in the plant tissues. All the experimental plants survived even with external Cu concentrations as high as 23 mmol L⁻¹ (1500 mg Cu L⁻¹), although the excess of metal resulted in a biomass reduction of 35%. The effects of Cu on growth were linked to a reduction in net photosynthesis, which may be related to the effect of the high concentration of the metal on photosynthetic electron transport. V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris survived with leaf Cu concentrations as high as 80 mg kg⁻¹ DW and growth parameters were unaffected by leaf tissue concentrations of 35 mg Cu kg⁻¹ DW. The results of our study indicate that plants of V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris from the studied population are more tolerant to Cu than the commercial varieties of grapevine that have been studied in the literature, and could constitute a basis for the genetic improvement of Cu tolerance in grapevine.     

Food utilization and growth of cutworm Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae exposed to nickel,and its effect on reproductive potential

Food utilization and growth of the 5th and 6th instar Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae, and its effect on reproduction potential was evaluated by feeding larvae diets with different doses of Ni for 3 generations. Dose-dependent relationships between Ni levels and food consumption and growth were variable with different larval developmental period and Ni exposure duration. RCR, AD and RGR of the 6th instar larvae were much more affected by Ni exposure than those of 5th instar larvae, and the effects were strongest in the 3rd generation. It was found that RCR was significantly stimulated after 1 and 20 mg kg⁻¹ Ni exposure, while AD was significantly inhibited after 1, 5, 10 and 40 mg kg⁻¹ Ni exposure. However, lower levels of Ni (?5 mg kg⁻¹) significantly increased and higher levels of Ni (?10 mg kg⁻¹) significantly decreased RGR. In 3 successive generations, 10 mg kg⁻¹ Ni significantly increased the ECI and ECD of the 5th instar larvae, and 5 mg kg⁻¹ Ni significantly increased the ECD of the 6th instar larvae. However, ECD were all significantly inhibited with 20 mg kg⁻¹ Ni exposure. Results also revealed that durations of larvae were shortened at low levels of Ni, but extended at high levels of Ni. Fecundity was inhibited by the highest Ni doses in each generation, while improved by low Ni doses in the 3rd generation. Hatching rates in all treatments were significantly decreased in a Ni dose-dependent manner. Study indicated that effects of Ni on these parameters were predominant with the increasing Ni exposure period.     

矿质营养对荔枝裂果率的影响

通过对糯米糍荔枝叶片、果皮、土壤中矿质元素含量的研究,探讨矿质营养对荔枝裂果率的影响。初步探明糯米糍荔枝叶片中的钙、镁、硼含量,果皮中的氮钾比,以及土壤中的N/K比、有机质、交换性钙含量影响其裂果率。     

IMBR中污泥增殖动力学特征与温度的相关性研究

为研究混合液温度对IMBR污泥增殖动力学特征的影响规律,进行了动态试验,考察了10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃ 6个温度条件下的动力学特征.研究结果表明:本实验条件下,温度对理论产率系数与衰减系数都有显著影响,理论产率系数随温度的升高而降低,理论产率系数与温度符合乘幂关系;得到的衰减系数要高于普通的活性污泥法,衰减系数与温度仍符合关系式Kt= K20(θt)(t-20),求得的温度系数在传统活性污泥法的取值范围之内.     

固定污染源烟气流速手工监测方法改进研究

以上海市三家电厂为例,应用实测数据比对、验证了流速手工监测方法的改进效果,结果表明,改进试验中三家电厂所取点位计算得出的流速值与标准方法测出流速值之间的相对误差较小,各厂可选取相应点位作为流速监测点位。     

汽车修理养护企业挥发性有机物排放控制标准探讨

通过对汽车修理养护企业喷烤漆废气排放现状进行调查分析,指出中国目前适用于控制汽车修理养护企业废气排放的标准《大气污染物综合排放标准》(GB 16297-1996)在实际运用中存在的问题。依据《制定地方大气污染物排放标准的技术方法》(GB/T 3840-1991)《大气污染物综合排放标准详解》《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值化学有害因素》(GBZ 2.1-2007)《工业企业设计卫生标准》(TJ 36-1979)、美国环保局多介质环境模型等,用不同方法计算汽车修理养护企业排放的废气中几种挥发性有机物的排放浓度和排放速率限值,并对监测结果进行评价分析,提出编制汽车修理养护企业废气排放控制标准的建议。     

锅炉烟尘测试中锅炉负荷率的计算方法探讨

GB5468 -91规定 ,锅炉烟尘测试时 ,必须对锅炉的运行负荷进行测试 ,而实际监测过程中 ,许多锅炉房不具备测试的计量条件 ,为了解决这一问题 ,文章提出利用烟气量和空气过剩系数计算锅炉负荷率。在实际监测工作中 ,该方法方便、易于操作 ,所得结果和标准规定方法所得结果有很好的一致性     

某铀矿山废石场及尾砂库氡污染调查

通过对某退役铀矿山的 14个废石堆放场及 3个尾砂库氡析出率的测量及内照射剂量的估算 ,表明 ,只有一个废石场的氡析出率超过国家规定的管理限值水平 ;尾砂库的氡析出率较高 ,个别测点的氡析出率超出管理限值水平近 7倍 ;因氡析出而使当地居民额外所受的年最大有效剂量当量为 0 0 5 8mSv。指出在尾砂库表面覆盖黄土 ,可以有效降低氡析出水平 ,当覆盖厚度达 0 5m时 ,可将氡析出水平降低 84%以上。     

松花江哈尔滨段主干流常规污染物动态衰减速度系数的测算研究

采用2011—2013年松花江哈尔滨段各断面水质监测数据和老头湾水文数据,运用实测资料反推法和河流一维水质模型对该段干流的COD、BOD5、NH3-N的衰减速度系数K进行测算,结果表明:1—12月朱顺屯—大顶子山的KCOD、KBOD5、KNH3-N分别在0.035 d-1~3.372 d-1、0.368 d-1~5.459 d-1和0.245 d-1~5.600 d-1之间;冰封期各污染物K值小于明水期,夏季(6—8月)K值大于其他季节。以2013年阿什河口下—呼兰河口下河段上、下游各断面的监测数据对测算的各污染物动态K值进行率定,实际监测值与预测浓度年内变化趋势基本一致,相对误差在25%以内,水质验证结果较满意。     

太湖十八湾嗅味物质变化规律及除嗅方法

为了探索湖泊水体中嗅味物质的变化规律,解决湖泊水体的嗅味问题,本研究选取太湖十八湾围隔水域作为调查对象,从2009年12月到2010年8月,对嗅味物质土臭素(geosmin)和二甲基异茨醇(MIB)的含量进行分析检测,结果表明,geosmin的含量和MIB的含量在冬春季节较低,夏秋季节较高,随季节波动明显,MIB是主要的致嗅物质。为调控臭氧稳定性,降低臭氧衰减速率,室内实验采用硅藻土来吸附夹载臭氧,使臭氧分解速率常数由0.036/min降低到了0.015/min,由此制得了臭氧-硅藻土,并用该材料处理模拟嗅味物质水样。结果表明,10 min时,geosmin和MIB的去除率分别为73.4%和46.6%,高于对照中的45.9%和20.5%,30 min时,geosmin和MIB的去除率进一步提高到96.1%和79.7%,本研究结果为解决湖泊等天然水体的嗅味问题提供了新的思路。