论我国职业病诊断鉴定制度的缺陷及完善——兼评《职业病防治法修正案（草案）》的相关规定

我国现行职业病诊断鉴定法律制度存在较大缺陷,使得受害劳动者维权乏力,笔者在分析探讨职业病诊断鉴定制度所存相关问题的基础上,有针对性地提出改革完善的相应建议,同时对新出台的《职业病防治法修正案（草案）》的有关修订内容做出评议。     

Flooding: what is the impact on pregnancy and child health?

Floods are the most common type of natural disaster in both developed and developing countries and have led to extensive morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Worldwide, over the past 30 years, flooding has claimed the lives of more than 200,000 people and affected more than 2.8 billion others. The impact of flooding on health varies among populations and depends primarily on vulnerability and the kind of event experienced. It severely disrupts livelihoods and has a significant impact on the health of pregnant women and children. In addition, it may exacerbate a range of negative psychological and physiological child and reproductive health outcomes. Awareness‐raising, education, and the issuing of warnings appear to be key initiatives to mitigate or prevent flood morbidity and mortality, especially among people living in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Agencies responding to emergencies also need to be more cognisant of the dangers, specifically those engaged in healthcare, nutrition, and water safety programmes.     

河流健康状况诊断指标和标准

基于反映河流自然和社会双重属性的健康内涵,构建了河流健康状况诊断指标体系,包括河流形态结构、河流社会经济功能、河流生态功能3个一级指标和18个二级指标。选用多目标多层次模糊模型诊断河流健康状况,提出了河流健康诊断指标的标准特征值,给出了指标权重确定方法。以东江为例,确定指标权重和指标值,诊断河流健康状况,结果表明,东江健康状况处于良好的下缘,形态结构改变是影响其健康的主要原因,在此基础上提出了河流修复建议。     

基于模糊Petri网的有载分接开关故障诊断方法研究

为解决分接开关故障诊断以主观经验、缺乏系统化流程以及诊断结果与分接开关实际发生故障存在偏差等问题,依据当前分接开关主要故障分类,提出基于模糊Petri网的有载分接开关故障诊断模型,并结合分接开关典型故障案例,验证模型有效性。研究结果表明：基于模糊Petri网的分接开关故障诊断模型能够有效处理故障概率中不确定性因素,具有容错性好、运行效率高等优势,研究结果可为提高分接开关故障诊断的准确性、保障电力系统安全稳定运行提供参考。     

长江三角洲土地资源可持续利用研究

在定性分析长江三角洲土地资源现状特征和可持续利用目标基础上,重点对区域土地资源可持续利用进行定量评价:选择36个因素作为参评因子,建立评价指标体系;选用模糊隶属函数和线性加权函数进行综合测算,评判出区域土地资源可持续利用综合水平;引进“障碍度”概念进行定量的障碍诊断,并针对主要障碍因素提出可持续利用具体对策。     

旋转叶片-机匣碰摩分析方法与试验技术研究

目的较为深入地认识高速旋转转静子之间碰摩故障及碰摩机理。方法采用冲击动力学分析方法,建立考虑机匣柔性的转子-盘片-机匣碰摩有限元模型,对旋转叶片-机匣碰摩的动力学行为、局部细节特征以及转静子的振动响应进行研究,并将仿真分析结果与碰摩物理试验结果进行对比分析。结果发现其吻合性较好,证明了该仿真分析模型和仿真分析方法能够很好地描述旋转叶片-机匣之间碰摩动力学行为,以及该物理试验的有效性。在此基础上,对影响碰摩响应的不同参数进行深入研究,发现转静子之间间隙、相对运动速度和刚度比对于碰摩响应均有较大影响,得出了一些有效解释和预测碰摩故障现象的原理和规律。结论其研究方法和研究成果可以为旋转机械碰摩故障的诊断和预测提供一定的参考。     

面向复杂设备的分布式故障诊断研究

基于复杂系统的设备故障诊断的要求 ,按故障信息流动的方向将诊断过程分为实时监测层、故障诊断层及综合决策层 ,并建造一种分布式多级黑板诊断结构模型。根据不同诊断层次的特点 ,赋予其不同的诊断方法。在实时监测层中各实时监测单元采用神经网络和知识基模块的混合结构完成该层任务 ;故障诊断层则基于广义知识表达模型 ,建立三库结构 ,即静态实例库、动态实例库和规则库 ,整个推理过程基于三级推理机制 ;综合决策层为一智能型的辅助决策支持系统 ,提供对整个系统生产与设备运行状态的综合诊断与决策。     

A case of mosaicism involving an unstable 13/14 Robertsonian translocation

Prenatal diagnosis of mosaicism involving an apparently unstable 13/14 Robertsonian trans-location is reported. This illustrates the difficulties encountered in counselling when mosaicism is ascertained prenatally. Other reported examples of apparently unstable Robertsonian translocations are discussed.     

Contribution of a New PCR assay to the prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay has been developed for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii. The target sequence (88 bp) is part of a rDNA repetitive gene. A signal can be observed with only one parasite. It is directly and rapidly detected by electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. We report a prospective study of 80 documented cases of toxoplasmic seroconversions during pregnancy. The PCR assay of the amniotic fluids was compared with the current standard methods for diagnosis of fetal infection. Seventy specimens gave no PCR signal, and were negative according to prenatal tests and postnatal examinations. The presence of T. gondii was detected in ten specimens by PCR analysis. Four were confirmed by isolation of the parasite from the amniotic fluid; four by biological study of the fetal blood. For the remaining two, infection was diagnosed after birth. Together with ultrasonographic and biological data, this technique permits prenatal diagnosis within 1 day.