大型河流大面积死鱼应急监测案例分析研究

以湖南湘江干流大面积死鱼突发环境事件为例,详细阐述了该事件开展应急监测的全过程,并就河流大面积死鱼突发环境事件应急监测方案、监测指标确定、原因分析等内容进行探讨。溶解氧低是死鱼的主要原因,而大体量低溶解氧污染团的形成与持续高温干旱天气、暴雨以及特殊的开闸放水方式有关。所分析的案例为死鱼事件应急监测工作提供借鉴和参考。     

滇池几种鱼体汞含量与δ13C、δ15N特征

鱼体是人体摄入甲基汞的重要暴露途径。对滇池几种重要鱼类的总汞、甲基汞和13 C、15 N进行了测定,结果发现:滇池中鱼体总汞和甲基汞含量范围(平均值)分别为5.6~287ng/g(74±59ng/g)和2.7~400ng/g(73±67ng/g)。总汞和甲基汞含量存现显著的相关关系,(R2=0.65,p0.001),且甲基汞占总汞的平均比例大于80%,表明鱼体中的汞主要以甲基汞的形态存在。滇池几种鱼类的δ13 C平均值为-20.5±4.2‰,范围为-29.0‰~-15.1‰,δ15 N平均值为17.1±4.3‰,范围为5.9‰~25.8‰。同位素比值与鱼体汞含量之间没有显著的相关性,可能是由于滇池中采集的黄颡鱼和白鱼与其他鱼类不属于同一种食物源,因此对13 C和15 N的分馏不同。另外,采集的鱼类大小和年龄不均一,也可能是造成13 C和15 N异常分馏的原因之一。     

北京市污水资源化利用现状及其对策分析研究

北京是水资源严重匮乏的城市,水资源短缺已经成为制约北京经济社会可持续发展进程的重要因素.污水资源化将城市污水进行加工处理,转化为达标的、可供人们二次利用的合格水资源,既能增加水源,又能减少水环境污染,是解决北京目前水资源紧缺问题的最为有效的途径.文章梳理了近年来北京市污水资源化利用的发展现状,指出了北京市污水资源化利用所面临的困境,并提出了加快北京市污水资源化利用的对策.     

区域水资源高效利用评价指标体系构建及其应用

在对拜泉县水资源及利用现状调研的基础上,通过建立指标模型,找出存在的问题及原因,提出了提高水资源利用效率,实现可持续发展的对策建议。     

生物可降解螯合剂谷氨酸 N,N -二乙酸四钠对污泥中重金属萃取效率的研究

谷氨酸N,N-二乙酸四钠(GLDA)具有较强金属螯合能力,是新一代生物可降解绿色螯合剂.通过分批提取实验对GLDA去除工业污泥中Cd、Ni、Cu、Zn的萃取过程进行研究,考察了萃取时间、萃取体系p H值、螯合剂用量等因素对重金属萃取效果的影响,并采用修正的BCR连续提取法分析萃取前后污泥中重金属的形态.结果表明,GLDA对污泥中Cd具有良好的去除效果;体系在p H=4,螯合剂与重金属总量摩尔比为3∶1的条件下,多种重金属取得最佳萃取效果;Zn主要以残渣态存在,导致该金属萃取率低;螯合能力不仅与萃取时间,萃取体系p H值,螯合剂用量,螯合常数等因素有关,而且还与金属的形态分布有关.     

生活垃圾分类背景下对广州市废玻璃回收利用的思考

废玻璃是一种载能节能、低碳环保、可重复利用和再生利用的再生资源,广州市通过补贴政策、两网融合等手段,促进废玻璃回收利用,随着生活垃圾分类纵深推进,为了进一步提高废玻璃回收利用,从废玻璃回收利用现状入手,对比了北京、上海生活垃圾中废弃玻璃的占比情况,针对目前存在问题,提出废玻璃回收利用分析与建议.     

Estimating Potential Climate Change Effects on the Upper Neuse Watershed Water Balance Using the SWAT Model

Climate change poses water resource challenges for many already water stressed watersheds throughout the world. One such watershed is the Upper Neuse Watershed in North Carolina, which serves as a water source for the large and growing Research Triangle Park region. The aim of this study was to quantify possible changes in the watershed’s water balance due to climate change. To do this, we used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model forced with different climate scenarios for baseline, mid‐century, and end‐century time periods using five different downscaled General Circulation Models. Before running these scenarios, the SWAT model was calibrated and validated using daily streamflow records within the watershed. The study results suggest that, even under a mitigation scenario, precipitation will increase by 7.7% from the baseline to mid‐century time period and by 9.8% between the baseline and end‐century time period. Over the same periods, evapotranspiration (ET) would decrease by 5.5 and 7.6%, water yield would increase by 25.1% and 33.2%, and soil water would increase by 1.4% and 1.9%. Perhaps most importantly, the model results show, under a high emission scenario, large seasonal differences with ET estimated to decrease by up to 42% and water yield to increase by up to 157% in late summer and fall. Planning for the wetter predicted future and corresponding seasonal changes will be critical for mitigating the impacts of climate change on water resources.     

Hierarchical pre-positioning of emergency resources for a chemical industrial parks concentrated area

Accidents in chemical industrial parks always cause fateful damage which can be reduced greatly by providing emergency resources sufficiently and timely. One effective way to enhance the emergency response capacity and agility is by pre-positioning of emergency resources for the potential accidents. The Yangtze River Delta of China is a large region where a large number of chemical industrial parks are concentrated. According to the distributing characteristics of demand points in this region, a mathematical model of hierarchical pre-positioning of emergency resources is proposed to ensure that accidents in all chemical industrial parks in this region can be responded timely and effectively. Considering accident domino effect and minimizing the total cost, the model gives optimal decisions of pre-positioning emergency resources, including the location and inventory of depots. The innovative hierarchical pre-positioning method greatly reduces the total cost in the premise of sufficient preparation for supplying emergency resources. Finally, in a visual graph of the Yangtze River Delta, the model is applied and the result shows its applicability.     

探究城市污水处理项目的环境影响评价

水作为人类赖以生存的主要能源物质,随着社会综合水平的提高,各行业对水资源的需求越是急切。而现阶段城市中大量污水给环境带来很多不利影响,环保公司针对城市污水处理不断在技术上进行突破、完善,将智能化节能技术运用到城市污水处理中,使设备、资源得到充分利用,为人们用水条件带来更加充沛、丰富的保障与支持。为有效处理城市污水,争取在城市污水处理发挥更大作用,带动城市环境可持续发展。