The Impact of Urbanization and Protection of Water Resources in Owerri and Environs SE, Nigeria

Untreated sewage and agriculture are the most important sources of contamination. The study was carried out by conducting a short-term surface water and groundwater pollution survey of the Owerri Urban area and its environs, in order to establish the current levels of pollution. An attempt has been made to show the relationships between pollution levels, population density, industrial and agricultural activities. The spatial distribution of pollutants due to a poor land use system and to human activities was investigated. This emphasises integrated planned development as a preventive measure for arresting pollution levels in fast growing urban centres. The total groundwater stored in the area amounts to 7.87 × 10⁹ m³. Twenty five percent of this is released as base flow into the adjacent rivers (Otamiri and Nworie). The annual groundwater recharge is 3.4 × 10⁹ m³. The enormous volume of groundwater stored and the comparatively low cost of development makes groundwater an excellent alternative supply source for the area (Uma et al., 1984).     

Attitudes and Perceptions about Ecological Resources and Hazards of People Living Aroung the Savannah River Site

Although considerable attention is devoted to environmental monitoring and assessment with respect to both pollutants and the status of particular plant or animal populations, less attention is devoted to assessing people's attitudes about the relative importance of ecological resources. In this paper we examine the attitudes and perceptions about ecological resources of people living around the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS), in South Carolina. Our overall hypothesis is that people who are directly affected by the possible outcomes and consequences of a particular hazard (i.e., those people employed at SRS) will undervalue the risks and overvalue the potential benefits from future land uses that favor continued site activity, compared to people who live near but are not employed at SRS. We interviewed 286 people attending the Aiken Trials horse show on 14 March 1997. There were few gender differences, although men hunted and fished more than women, women ranked three environmental concerns as more severe than did men, and women were more concerned about the effect of SRS on property values. Maintenance of SRS as a National Environmental Research Park ranked first as a future land use; nuclear production ranked second, followed by hunting and hiking. Only residential development ranked very low as a future land use. There were many differences as a function of employment history at SRS: 1) people who work at SRS think that the federal government should spend funds to clean up all nuclear facilities, and they think less money should be spent on other environmental problems than did non-employees, 2) people who work at SRS ranked continued current uses of SRS higher than did people who never worked at SRS, and 3) people who work at SRS are less concerned about the storage of nuclear material or accidents at the site than are people who never worked at the site.     

天池风景资源开发过程中的环境预警评价

在天池风景名胜区专家咨询和环境质量综合分析的基础上,对天池风景名胜区旅游资源的开发活动进行了预警评价,提出了天池风景名胜区风景资源开发的保护对策,为天池景区的环境管理工作提供了依据。     

基于环境DNA宏条形码的青岚湖自然保护区鱼类组成及分布特征

为探究在不同引物、不同参考数据库下环境DNA技术检测结果的差异,于2021年4月,采用环境DNA宏条形码技术分析了青岚湖鱼类多样性。选取16S rRNA及Cytb 2种引物,NCBI及本地数据库2种数据库,分别进行比对注释。结果表明:在青岚湖29个采样点中,共检测到7目15科43属64种鱼类,其中在16S-NCBI情形下获得4目9科19属20种鱼类,在16S-本地数据库情形下获得6目13科27属38种鱼类,在Cytb-NCBI情形下获得4目6科16属19种鱼类,在Cytb-本地数据库情形下获得2目5科15属20种鱼类。在青岚湖29个采样点中,鱼类更多地分布于湖面宽阔的中间地带(如S31附近),且南部较北部更少,鱼种的分布呈现一定的空间相似性。就研究区域而言,选择16S rRNA引物及本地数据库可以获得更全面的鱼类物种。通过与青岚湖鱼类历史数据比对发现,环境DNA技术在研究区域具有较强的适用性,如能选择适当的引物和本地数据库,可以更全面地反映研究区域的物种组成情况。     

丙烯酰胺对斑马鱼各器官的毒性作用及生殖细胞的DNA损伤

在我国,聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)主要应用于石油开采,其长期暴露于环境中可以降解成有毒的丙烯酰胺(AM)。为探究在降解过程中AM的毒性作用,选择斑马鱼作为受试动物,进行AM长期毒性暴露40 d,考察了对斑马鱼的肝脏、脑组织、心脏、腮等器官的影响情况。结果表明:在2.04 mg·L~(-1)、6.12 mg·L~(-1)和18.36 mg·L~(-1)暴露浓度下,形态学观察斑马鱼的鳃丝,鳃小片和鳃细胞有严重的受损现象;随着浓度的升高斑马鱼肝脏、脑组织和心脏中MDA含量、LDH活力的升高,SDH和Na+-K+-ATPase活力的降低,均对其肝脏、脑组织和心脏造成氧化损伤作用,从而影响了斑马鱼体内细胞能量代谢过程。采用彗星试验检测斑马鱼的生殖腺细胞DNA损伤,结果显示暴露于浓度为2.04 mg·L~(-1)~18.36 mg·L~(-1)的AM后,斑马鱼的DNA损伤均表现为显著差异(P0.01)。上述研究结果均确定了AM对斑马鱼的毒性效应并可造成其生殖腺细胞的DNA损伤。     

应用鱼类生物完整性指数评价荔浦河河流健康

生物完整性指数是河流生态系统健康评价主要方法之一。为评价荔浦河河流健康状况,选择鱼类作为指示生物,构建了基于鱼类生物完整性指标体系。2017年1月、4月、7月和10月对荔浦河4次采样共采集到鱼类21 192尾,经鉴定共计94种,隶属于6目17科62属。以S1(修仁镇)、S10(马岭镇)、S11(双江镇)作为参考点,经过分布范围分析、箱体图判别能力分析及相关性分析等指标筛选过程从25个候选指标筛选出5个指标,即鱼类总物种数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、肉食性鱼类数量百分比、敏感性鱼类数量百分比、产漂浮型卵鱼类数量百分比。将荔浦河河流健康等级分为"健康"、"一般"、"较差"、"极差"和"无鱼"5个等级。结果表明,荔浦河青山镇、荔浦县及蒲芦乡河段健康状态为"一般"水平,东昌镇、龙怀乡、杜莫镇及新坪镇河段健康状态为"较差"水平,茶城乡河段健康状态为"极差"水平。筑坝工程、架桥工程和修路工程等人类活动导致荔浦河支流上的健康状况比干流更差。上述研究结果可为荔浦河的河流管理和保护提供理论依据和技术支持。     

镧及其配合物对鱼体肝脏中酶活性的影响

以鲫鱼（Ｃａｒａｓｓｉｕｓ ａｕｒａｔｕｓ）为实验对象,研究了镧（Ｌａ）及其配合物（Ｌａ－ＥＤＴＡ）对鱼体肝脏中过氧化氢酶和超氧歧化酶的早期作用过程。结果表明：在实验浓度下Ｌａ＾３＋与Ｌａ－ＥＤＴＡ对鱼肝中过氧化氢酶有激活作用,但最终表现为强烈抑制：而对超氧歧化酶最初显著抑制,最后表现为激活作用。     

广东耕地资源的人口承载力研究

在总结广东省耕地资源特征的基础上,分析预测了2010年广东人口的发展趋势和消费水平,广东耕地资源的现实生产力、潜在生产力,以及2010年耕地的发展规模和粮食生产力。分析得出结论:2010年广东人口突破8300万人的可能性较大;届时人均消费水平将有较大的提高;广东粮食自给率为70%时,将会出现耕地承载力严重超载。本文最后提出了提高耕地资源的人口承载力的对策。     

曲阜孔林动植物物种资源现状与保护对策

本文调查研究了孔林内动植物物种资源的现状,报道了高等植物物种有３５６ 种（ 包括变种和亚种） ,隶属９１ 科２４３ 属,鸟类有２８ 种,分属９ 个目,并提出了保护孔林动植物物种资源的几点对策     

侯马市环境空气状况探析

根据2006年以来的环境空气质量监测数据,对侯马市空气质量状况进行了月际浓度趋势和年际浓度趋势分析评价,指出了燃料燃烧、交通运输、城市建设、气象因素、外来污染等大气污染物的来源及特征,提出了深入治理煤烟污染、积极推广新能源使用、控制机动车尾气污染、加大治理城市扬尘污染、强化工业污染源治理等改善大气环境质量的对策建议。