沸石滤料曝气生物滤池处理水产养殖废水的工艺特性

采用上流式沸石滤料曝气生物滤池(ZBAF)对水产养殖废水进行处理.结果表明,沸石的高效吸附作用可使系统获得快速启动,异养菌和硝化菌生物膜的成熟分别只需7d和25d;系统在水力负荷0.25m/h及气水比20∶1工艺条件下运行效能最佳,COD和NH+4-N去除率分别稳定在85%和70%左右.通过对ZBAF滤柱沿程水质、微生物等指标分析,异养菌和硝化菌主要聚居区分别在滤料层下端和上端,DO值的低谷位置可作为其聚居区分界线;生物量(磷脂-P)和生物活性(好氧速率)沿高程的分布大体一致,其最大值均出现在滤柱底部,分别为114.12 nmol/g和0.67 mg/(g.h).     

一株高效硝化菌的鉴定及其特性

本研究通过测定菌株ABT01在不同初始氮浓度、pH、C/N、温度和溶氧条件下对氨氮的去除效果,获得该菌株的最佳应用条件。实验结果表明,当初始氨氮浓度低于40 mg/L时,该菌株的氨氮去除率高达85%以上。该菌株最适脱氨氮条件均为：pH 5.0-7.0、C/N=5、35℃、摇床转速150 r/min（溶解氧5.1 mg/L）,氨氮去除率最高达96.8%。同时该菌株经16S rDNA测序、细胞壁脂肪酸组成等鉴定方法,确定ABT01为枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）。研究表明,枯草芽孢杆菌ABT01具有较好的氨氮去除能力,对水产养殖水质调控有潜在的应用价值。     

微藻膜反应器处理海水养殖废水性能及膜污染特性

以海水养殖废水为研究对象,探究了微藻膜反应器的脱氮除磷效能及膜污染特性.采用青岛大扁藻（Platymonas helgolandica tsingtaoensis）作为生物源,经过60 d的运行,微藻膜反应器的TN和TP去除率分别为73.6%和77.9%,TN和TP去除速率达到15g·（m³·d）^-1和2.8g·（m³·d）^-1.反应器中的微藻能够较快富集,最大生长速率可达53.3mg·（L·d）^-1,最大生物量可达1.4 g·L^-1.第18d和38d分别对反应器中的微藻进行采收,未影响反应器的脱氮除磷效能,且可以在一定程度上缓解膜污染现象.微藻生物量的增加会显著提高膜污染物质的含量,三维荧光光谱结果表明,色氨酸类蛋白质和芳香类蛋白质是造成膜污染的重要因素.     

不同生物过滤系统铵态氮转化速率及生物膜特性分析

实验模拟循环水养殖系统,运行了移动床生物膜反应器(moving bed biofilm reactor,MBBR)和挂帘式生物滴滤池两类生物过滤系统的6种不同填料反应器,对比分析了各反应器的填料挂膜效果、铵态氮转化速率和生物膜微生物群落结构等特征.结果表明,与MBBR相比,挂帘式生物滴滤池挂膜速度快且生物量较多,其中碳纤维挂帘式生物滴滤池的脱膜后生物膜重最大,为45.97 g·m-2,8 h NH+4-N去除率(86.76%)高于其他反应器(61.96%~78.76%),并且NO-2-N累积少,16 h时NO-2-N浓度在0.5 mg·L~(-1)以下.通过Illumina高通量测序技术对生物过滤系统中生物膜微生物群落结构进行解析,结果表明,不同类型反应器的生物膜内的细菌、真核微生物群落构成有明显区别,无论是细菌还是真核微生物,挂帘式生物滴滤池的物种丰度和多样性均高于MBBR,但MBBR的细菌群落物种集中度更高.硝化螺菌属(Nitrospira)及放线菌中的Nakamurella属在两类反应器的生物膜中均占优势,腐螺旋菌科(Saprospiraceae)在挂帘式生物滴滤池更多,而丛毛单胞菌科(Comamonadaceae)更倾向于在MBBR中富集.在真核微生物属水平相对丰度上,挂帘式生物滴滤池中小杆目中的Rhabditida norank占明显优势,而MBBR中绿藻纲中的Chlorophyceae norank占明显优势.以上研究结果为挂帘式生物滴滤池在循环水养殖水质净化中的应用奠定了实验基础.     

生物活性炭处理循环水产养殖废水及其影响因子研究

通过现场中试研究了生物活性炭（BAC）处理循环水产养殖废水中氨氮、亚硝态氮、硝态氮和COD的效果,考察了运行条件对硝化反硝化的影响.中试运行条件：滤速4m·h-1,水温22℃,pH7.21～7.65.在BAC进水溶解氧10.4～15.1mg·L-1、氨氮2.34～4.01mg·L-1、亚硝酸盐氮0.83～1.67mg·...     

不同盐度循环养殖水体微生物群落特征

为探究盐度对拟穴青蟹养殖水体微生物群落结构的影响,深入理解养殖盐度、氮磷环境因子与微生物群落结构的相关关系,采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术分析了盐度为1‰（S1）、3‰（S3）、5‰（S5）、7‰（S7）、9‰（S9）的循环养殖水体中微生物群落特征.结果表明:①水体中微生物包含67门74纲152目281科745属431种,不同盐度的养殖水体中微生物物种数目依次表现为S3 > S1 > S5 > S7 > S9,物种多样性依次表现为S1 > S3 > S7 > S9 > S5,S1和S3的水体优势菌种的地位和作用远高于S5、S7和S9的养殖水体.②五组水样的微生物群落结构总体相似度较低,S1与S3以及S7与S9的水体微生物群落结构最为相似.③变形菌门（Proteobacteria）为养殖水体绝对优势菌门,其相对丰度依次表现为S5 > S7 > S9 > S1 > S3,厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）相对丰度依次表现为S9 > S3 > S5 > S7 > S1,拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）相对丰度依次表现为S1 > S7 > S3 > S9 > S5.养殖水体存在大量具有脱氮除磷特性的微生物,较小盐度差会造成脱氮除磷微生物种类和丰度出现显著差异化.④4种营养盐中的ρ（NO₂--N）对水体微生物群落影响最为显著（P < 0.05）,ρ（NH₄+-N）、ρ（NO₂--N）、ρ（NO₃--N）、ρ（PO₄3--P）整体与属水平微生物群落呈极显著性正相关（P < 0.01）.研究显示,盐度主要通过影响养殖水体的氮磷营养盐间接改变水体中微生物群落,氮磷环境因子中NO₃--N为主要驱动因子,一个系统中的营养盐因子并不是单独地对养殖水体微生物群落起作用,而是协同发挥作用,共同调节其微生物群落结构.      

海岛养殖户台风灾害适应性行为及其影响因素分析

水产养殖是保障粮食安全、提升适应力需要关注的关键部门之一。农户层面的灾害适应性行为及其影响因素研究对增强养殖户灾害适应能力,确保养殖户生计安全、海岛可持续发展和渔村振兴具有重要价值。基于海岛水产养殖户调查数据对养殖户灾害全过程适应性行为进行研究,并运用Multivariate Probit模型实证分析了适应性行为的影响因素,结果表明：（1）较多地采用无悔反应和低悔战术,很少采用预先应对策略、更容易的早期策略以及未来获益策略使得大多数养殖户适应行为的成效不太显著。（2）同一因素对养殖户选择的多种适应策略有正负不同方向的显著影响,不同适应策略之间也存在着显著的互补和替代效应。（3）年龄、家庭劳动力、5年遭灾次数是养殖户适应行为的重要影响因素,投入、健康状况、灾害感知强度、收入、教育程度、社会资本都对养殖户采取的适应行为有显著影响。（4）海岛地区养殖户灾害适应行为的影响因素及其影响方向具有特殊性。研究识别了海岛养殖户台风灾害适应行为的关键影响因子和薄弱环节,结论可为政府和养殖户灾害适应策略的优化调整提供依据。     

A classification framework for interspecific trade-offs in aquatic ecology

In some cases, wildlife management objectives directed at multiple species can conflict with one another, creating species trade-offs. For managers to effectively identify trade-offs and avoid their undesirable outcomes, they must understand the agents involved and their corresponding interactions. A literature review of interspecific trade-offs within freshwater and marine ecosystems was conducted to illustrate the scope of potential interspecific trade-offs that may occur. We identified common pitfalls that lead to failed recognition of interspecific trade-offs, including, single-species management and limited consideration of the spatial and temporal scale of ecosystems and their management regimes. We devised a classification framework of common interspecific trade-offs within aquatic systems. The classification can help managers determine whether the conflict is species based through direct relationships (i.e., predator–prey, competition, other antagonistic relationships) or indirect relationships involving intermediate species (i.e., conflict-generating species) or whether the conflict is driven by opposing management objectives for species that would otherwise not interact (i.e., nontarget management effects). Once the nature and scope of trade-offs are understood, existing decision-making tools, such as structured decision-making and real-options analysis, can be incorporated to improve the management of aquatic ecosystems. Article Impact Statement: A synthesis of interspecific trade-offs in aquatic ecosystems supports their identification and resolution.     

黄河流域水生生物资源评估及问题诊断

近几十年来,随着全球气候的变化和社会经济的发展,受筑坝建闸、河道断流、水质恶化、酷渔滥捕、人工引种、海水入侵、调水调沙等因素影响,黄河流域水生生物多样性及资源量呈下降趋势。在目前流域内多目标同步推进的要求下,黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展正不断面临新的挑战。通过分析黄河流域水生生物多样性和资源量在时空分布上的演变规律,明确了是水资源短缺、工程建设、水环境恶化等因素的共同作用导致了黄河流域的水生态危机。基于绿色生态、高质量发展的科学管理理念,提出了新时代黄河流域水文-环境-生态协同保护与修复的发展策略,为促进黄河流域水资源保护和生态系统可持续发展提供数据支持与理论参考。     

Redesigning harvest strategies for sustainable fishery management in the face of extreme environmental variability

Short-lived, fast-growing species that contribute greatly to global capture fisheries are sensitive to fluctuations in the environment. Uncertainties in exact stock–environment relationships have meant that environmental variability and extremes have been difficult to integrate directly into fisheries management. We applied a management strategy evaluation approach for one of Australia's large prawn stocks to test the robustness of harvest control rules to environmental variability. The model ensemble included coupled environmental-population models and an alternative catchability scenario fitted to historical catch per unit effort data. We compared the efficacy of alternative management actions to conserve marine resources under a variable environment while accounting for fisher livelihoods. Model fits to catch per unit effort were reasonably good and similar across operating models (OMs). For models that were coupled to the environment, environmental parameters for El Niño years were estimated with good associated precision, and OM3 had a lower AIC score (77.61)  than the base model (OM1, 80.39), whereas OM2 (AIC 82.41) had a similar AIC score, suggesting the OMs were all plausible model alternatives. Our model testing resulted in a plausible subset of management options, and stakeholders selected a permanent closure of the first fishing season based on overall performance of this option; ability to reduce the risk of fishery closure and stock collapse; robustness to uncertainties; and ease of implementation. Our simulation approach enabled the selection of an optimal yet pragmatic solution for addressing economic and conservation objectives under a variable environment with extreme events.