竞争吸附方程的修正和应用

以竞争吸附的一般模式为基础,修正了竞争吸附方程。研究了不同实验条件下修正竞争吸附方程的变化形式,为改进实验设计提供了理论依据。修正竞争吸附方程应用于描述pH对土壤吸附钴的影响,取得了满意的结果。     

活性炭吸附有机蒸气过程中的初始浓度测定

以PTA生产尾气为实验体系，讨论了在活性炭对有机气体动态吸附过程中，有机气体初始浓度的三种测定方法，即气相色谱法、吸附称量法和气体方程计算法。结果得出，吸附称量法误差最小，其次是气体方程计算法，误差最大的是气相色谱法。     

大孔吸附树脂（XH－1）处理含酚废水的研究

本文就ＸＨ－１型大孔吸附树脂对含酚废水处理性能进行了研究，探索了吸附平衡时间，确立了吸附体系Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ等温式，找到了树脂在不同再生剂中最佳工艺条件，发现了吸附、脱附过程分别具有二级和一级反应动力学特征，并得到其表现活化能．     

An erosion-based land classification system for military installations

The universal soil loss equation (USLE) has been integrated with a geographic information system known as the geographical resources analysis support system (GRASS) to create a land classification system for use by military trainers and land managers to minimize the environmental impacts of military training activities. The USLE provides an estimate of current average annual sheet and rill erosion based upon factors representing climate, soil erodibility, topography, cover, and conservation support practices. The erosion estimate is compared to erosion tolerance values to produce an expression of the current erosion status. An index of inherent site erodibility is also achieved through manipulation of the USLE. Based on published soil surveys, satellite imagery, and ground-truth vegetation transects, data layers are created within GRASS for each of the component factors of the USLE. Appropriate mathematical operations are performed with the data layers, and color-coded maps are produced that represent the erosion status and erodibility index for each 50-m × 50-m area of soil surface. These maps aid military trainers and land managers in scheduling appropriate kinds and intensities of military training activities.     

基于物种敏感性分布法的生态风险评价研究进展

生态风险评价是认识生态健康和污染物可能对生态环境产生不良影响的重要手段,而物种敏感性分布法是使用较为广泛的评价方法,其核心步骤是筛选出合适物种的毒性数据进行曲线拟合。在简要介绍物种敏感性分布法原理和步骤的基础上,综述了物种敏感性分布法应用的几个关键问题,即物种筛选、毒性数据选择和拟合模型确定。针对特殊水体,提出了基于区域同类型水环境物种对比的物种筛选法和基于水环境历史物种比较的物种筛选法。最后对未来的研究工作进行了展望,指出现有研究的不足和未来研究的方向。     

泥石流浆体屈服应力综合表达式的研究

根据野外泥石流浆体观测试验分析,通过对不同料径沙颗粒的甘油沙浆流变试验,以及动摩擦临界浓度和极限浓度的实验研究,导出了反映泥石流浆体结构强度的屈服应力综合表达式,以便为泥石流高浓度,高速机理探讨和泥石流防治工作的设计提供科学依据的参数。     

The role of NIMBY in opposing the siting of wind farms: evidence from Greece

This paper aims to assess the relative importance of a NIMBY (‘Not-In-My-Back-Yard’) stance on an individual's opposition to the siting of a wind farm vis-à-vis other predictors, such as perceived effects (costs, risks and benefits associated with the project), perceived fairness of the siting decision and societal trust. Data originate from two case studies, a small wind farm of just two wind turbines in southern Greece and a mega-project of 153 turbines on the Greek island of Lesvos (aggregate N = 334). We use structural equation modelling (SEM) for testing the theoretically-suggested relations between the various constructs. We find that NIMBY is not the most important predictor of opposition while it is strongly correlated with other predictors, such as the perceived unfairness of the siting decision as well as the risks and costs associated with the wind farm. These latter findings undermine the common-sense idea that wishing a wind farm out of one's vicinity (‘Not-In-My-Back-Yard’) is an example of mere ‘free-riding’. Since the fit of the SEM models was found to be moderate, we discuss the limitations of our study and the implications of our findings as well as suggesting pathways for future research.     

SBR法短程反硝化动力学分析研究

实验室中采用SBR反应器,研究短程硝化反硝化工艺的影响因素,通过实验数据对SBR短程硝化反硝化工艺的反硝化动力学方程参数进行确定,通过维持SBR反应器内的水温,控制溶解氧浓度和氨氮浓度等反应条件,分析实验数据,最后推导出短程反硝化动力学方程式.实验中,由于反应起始和反应过程中COD和NO2--N浓度远大于饱和常数,所以短程反硝化反应近似于零级反应,亚硝酸盐氮和有机物浓度对反硝化速率影响很小,反硝化速率仅是温度和pH值的函数.     

Empirical Estimation of Stream Discharge Using Channel Geometry in Low‐Gradient,Sand‐Bed Streams of the Southeastern Plains

Manning's equation is used widely to predict stream discharge (Q) from hydraulic variables when logistics constrain empirical measurements of in‐bank flow events. Uncertainty in Manning's roughness (n_M) is the major source of error in natural channels, and sand‐bed streams pose difficulties because flow resistance is affected by flow‐dependent bed configuration. Our study was designed to develop and validate models for estimating Q from channel geometry easily derived from cross‐sectional surveys and available GIS data. A database was compiled consisting of 484 Q measurements from 75 sand‐bed streams in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina (Southeastern Plains), and Florida (Southern Coastal Plain), with six New Zealand streams included to develop statistical models to predict Q from hydraulic variables. Model error characteristics were estimated with leave‐one‐site‐out jackknifing. Independent data of 317 Q measurements from 55 Southeastern Plains streams indicated the model (Q = A_cR_H^0.6906S^0.1216; where A_c is the channel area, R_H is the hydraulic radius, and S is the bed slope) best predicted Q, based on Akaike's information criterion and root mean square error. Models also were developed from smaller Q range subsets to explore if subsets increased predictive ability, but error fit statistics suggested that these were not reasonable alternatives to the above equation. Thus, we recommend the above equation for predicting in‐bank Q of unbraided, sandy streams of the Southeastern Plains.     

Watering the garden: preferences for alternative sources in suburban areas of the Mediterranean coast

Gardening has become a relevant contributor to the quality of life of suburbanites, as a source of leisure, to build a relationship with nature or to express a particular social identity. Nevertheless, water scarcity in the Mediterranean region has increased concerns about how demand should be managed to face future uncertainties, and watering the gardens has become an element for discussion in urban planning. This contribution presents the findings of a survey of permanent residents and secondary homeowners (n?=?230) in the suburban areas surrounding the city of Girona in the northeast of Catalonia (Spain). The area is a popular national and international tourist destination and a preferred place for second-home owners. We explore the main socio-demographic drivers for choosing an alternative watering source and we analyse if water-harvesting tank sizes properly meet net irrigation requirements. Results show that many water-harvesting tanks are oversized. The percentage of unemployed or retired household members, the estimated irrigation water needs of the garden and the education level directly influence the search for alternative sources of water. Moreover, social variables like interest in gardening, water conservation attitudes and household income indirectly influence the search for alternative sources of water.