基于SAPSO-BP网络模型的海洋平台落物碰撞损伤分析

为了确保海洋平台作业过程中落物坠落对甲板撞击后的结构安全,对坠落立管撞击海洋平台甲板的过程进行了非线性仿真分析。运用ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立有限元模型,对坠落立管不同撞击角度撞击海洋平台甲板进行模拟计算,得到甲板在不同工况下的损伤情况。运用1种自适应性变异的粒子群优化算法SAPSO与BP神经网络结合［1］,对海洋平台进行落物碰撞损伤分析。研究结果表明:落物与垂直方向偏离5°～10°为坠落时最危险的工况。SAPSO-BP提高了BP神经网络的拟合能力,减小了拟合误差,提高了拟合精度,验证了SAPSO-BP网络模型的实用性和可靠性。综合考虑制定适用于海洋平台落物安全的工作程序和平台及设备的防护措施,为海洋平台作业中落物风险评估和海洋平台作业安全保障提供参考。     

细尾矿砂非饱和渗流稳态含水率二维解析解

为准确描述非饱和细尾矿砂内部含水率的空间分布规律,采用解析方法求解了非饱和尾矿砂的二维Richards方程,探讨了解析求解过程中方程和求解区域简化的思路,介绍了非饱和细尾矿砂含水率空间分布的实验结果,采用混沌粒子群优化算法计算了求解过程中引入的常数。研究结果表明:解析解具有无穷级数的形式,且级数的系数具有很好的收敛性,非饱和细尾矿砂含水率在水平和竖直方向上的分布均近似服从指数函数,混沌粒子群优化算法的误差收敛性明显,利用解析模型得到的各点含水率计算值与实验测量值均符合的比较好。所得解析公式能够很好地描述非饱和细尾矿砂内部含水率的空间分布规律。     

基于物种敏感性分布法的生态风险评价研究进展

生态风险评价是认识生态健康和污染物可能对生态环境产生不良影响的重要手段,而物种敏感性分布法是使用较为广泛的评价方法,其核心步骤是筛选出合适物种的毒性数据进行曲线拟合。在简要介绍物种敏感性分布法原理和步骤的基础上,综述了物种敏感性分布法应用的几个关键问题,即物种筛选、毒性数据选择和拟合模型确定。针对特殊水体,提出了基于区域同类型水环境物种对比的物种筛选法和基于水环境历史物种比较的物种筛选法。最后对未来的研究工作进行了展望,指出现有研究的不足和未来研究的方向。     

Hg在玲珑金矿区典型农田土壤中的吸附特征研究

采集烟台玲珑金矿区不同性质的土壤,通过吸附解析实验研究了矿区2种典型农田土壤对重金属汞的吸附特征.等温吸附-解吸实验结果表明,酸性土壤对Hg（Ⅱ）的平均吸附率高于中性土壤,中性土对Hg（Ⅱ）的最大吸附量为156.9μg/g,酸性土达到201.38μg/g.2种土壤结合Hg（Ⅱ）的解吸量和解吸率都较低,且酸性土的解吸率（...     

Biodegradation of p-cresol by aerobic granules in sequencing batch reactor

The cultivation of aerobic granules in sequencing batch reactor for the biodegradation of p-cresol was studied. The reactor was started with 100 mg/L of p-cresol. Aerobic granules first appeared within one month of start up. The granules were large and strong and had a compact structure. The diameter of stable granules was in the range of 1-5 mm. The integrity coefficient and granules density was found to be 96% and 1046 kg/m³, respectively. The settling velocity of granules was found to be in the range of 2× 10^-2-6× 10^-2 m/sec. The aerobic granules were able to degrade p-cresol upto 800 mg/L at a removal efficiency of 88%. Specific p-cresol degradation rate in aerobic granules followed Haldane model for substrate inhibition. High specific p-cresol degradation rate up to 0.96 g p-cresol/(g VSS. day) were sustained upto p-cresol concentration of 400 mg/L. Higher removal efficiency, good settling characteristics of aerobic granules, makes sequencing batch reactor suitable for enhancing the microorganism potential for biodegradation of inhibitory compounds.     

Environmental management in Brazil: is it a completely competitive priority?

Current studies indicate a need to integrate environmental management with manufacturing strategy, including topics like cross-functional integration, environmental impact, and waste reduction. Nevertheless, such studies are relatively rare, existing still a need for research in specific regional contexts. At the same time, the results found are not unanimous. Due to these gaps, the objective of this article is to analyze if environmental management can be considered a new competitive priority for manufacturing enterprises located in Brazil. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with Brazilian companies certified by ISO 14001. Sixty-five valid questionnaires were analyzed through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The first conclusion is that environmental management presents a preventive approach in the sample analyzed, focused on eco-efficiency, what potentially do not to create a competitive advantage. This preventive approach inhibits environmental management from being regarded as a new competitive manufacturing priority, in the full sense as defined by the literature. Another important result is that environmental management, although following a preventive focus, may influence positively the four manufacturing priorities: cost, quality, flexibility and delivery.     

基于TPB的通航企业事件信息自主上报意愿影响因素研究*

为探讨通航企业不安全事件信息自主上报意愿的影响因素,基于扩展计划行为理论的分析框架,采用结构方程模型和差异显著性分析,对我国通航企业170份样本数据进行分析。结果表明:企业性质、规模和成立年限显著影响企业事件信息报告行为意向。其中,国有企业行为意向显著高于民营企业,500人以上较大规模企业行为意向显著高于500人以下较小规模企业,成立3 a以上企业的行为意向显著高于成立3 a以下的企业。此外,通航企业不安全事件自主上报的行为意向直接影响因素包括行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制、感知成本及认知,间接影响因素是感知成本与感知收益、示范性规范与指令性规范。     

基于结构方程模型的认知性VDT作业过程解析*

为实现通过过程控制和管理提高认知性视觉显示终端（VDT）作业人员可靠性和绩效的目标,应用结构方程模型（SEM）研究作业过程表征方法。构建认知性VDT作业的信息加工过程模型,抽取13个基本认知动素（CT）,提出CT概念结构模型假设,设计外显指标测试题项,运用问卷调查样本数据构建结构方程和测量方程;对测量数据与结构方程模型的拟合度进行分析,并训练BP神经网络模式识别模型对作业过程进行还原检验。结果表明:认知性VDT作业过程模型有效,元认知控制其他12个CT的结构关系成立,认知性VDT作业过程可由包括元认知在内的13个基本CT解析。     

地铁施工引起地下管线变形的安全评估方法及其应用

研究地铁施工引起地下管线变形的安全评估方法,分析三点共圆法求算管线变形曲率中测点间距和测量误差的影响,并对其适用性及相关问题进行了探讨；提出利用六次多项式曲线拟合求算管线变形曲率的方法,并结合工程实例阐述其应用.     

基于DGT技术的广西碳酸盐岩区稻米镉含量主控因素

为探究广西碳酸盐岩区水稻在地质高背景下影响稻米Cd富集的主控因素,以广西西南部和北部碳酸盐岩区水稻籽粒-根系土壤样品为基础,同时结合梯度扩散薄膜技术(DGT),分析讨论了土壤pH、有机质(OM)、阳离子交换量(CEC)和DGT-Cd等与水稻籽粒ω(rice-Cd)-BCF值的关系,通过主成分分析确定主要因素并建立定量模...