CO2泡沫混凝土碳封存潜力分析

CO₂捕集、利用与封存是碳中和技术体系的重要组成部分,混凝土在大规模吸收CO₂方面具有巨大的发展潜力.为了掌握CO₂泡沫混凝土的碳封存潜力,分析了CO₂泡沫混凝土的固碳机制,建立了CO₂泡沫混凝土固碳能力的数学模型,估算了CO₂泡沫混凝土的固碳和储碳能力.结果表明,CO₂泡沫混凝土碳封存能力的99%以上是由混凝土骨架的化学碳化方式完成的,而泡孔的储碳能力较弱;按照30%碳化率估算,我国每年生产的混凝土在全生命周期内的碳封存量平均为2.18亿t,超过大兴安岭林区森林1 a的碳汇;近5年,我国CO₂泡沫混凝土的碳封存潜力为5.80亿t ·a^-1,在煤电一体化矿区的固废和废气资源化利用方面具有很好的应用前景.CO₂泡沫混凝土在凝固前的稳定性是下一步要重点解决的技术难题.     

细长体试件两点激励振动试验形式的选择与分析

目的明确细长体试件最合适的两点激励试验形式。方法针对某细长体试件的不同试验形式设计了不同的试验夹具,随后针对试件和夹具开展有限元模态分析,并进行两种形式的两点激励振动试验,研究细长体试件在两点激励振动试验中采用不同试验形式时的动力学响应差异。结果模态分析和试验结果表明,试件和夹具组合体在柔性悬挂方式下依然正确反应了试件本身的模态特性,而在夹具固定方式下模态特性却发生了明显改变。结论细长体试件的两点激励振动试验更适合采用柔性悬挂方式进行。     

碳化硼促进Psendomonas stutzeri A1501电催化固氮产氨及机制

以Pseudomonas stutzeri（P.stutzeri） A1501为模式固氮菌株、碳化硼（B₄C）为典型电子传递载体构建电催化氮还原体系,探究B₄C添加对该体系固氮产氨性能的影响.结果表明,B₄C能够显著提高P.stutzeri A1501介导的电催化氮还原体系的产氨性能.在0.4g/L投加量条件下,900℃煅烧温度下制备的B₄C（B₄C₉₀₀）的添加能够使电催化体系氨累积量提高117%,这是由于B₄C₉₀₀表面丰富的活化位点能够促进N₂吸附与活化.此外,电化学和光谱学谱图表明,B₄C₉₀₀的添加不仅能够促使P.stutzeri A1501分泌更多的氧化还原活性物质,而且驱动高活性阴极生物膜的形成,进而强化电极电子的长距离传递及利用.     

水分和氧气对毛萼田菁茎瘤固氮作用的影响

水分剥夺引起毛萼田菁（Ｓｅｓｂａｎｉａｒｏｓｔｒａｔａ）茎瘤固氮活性的下降；水分剥夺还导致茎瘤类菌体固氮的最适Ｏ２分压（ｐＯ２）和呼吸强度的下降及茎瘤豆血红蛋白和细胞质可溶性蛋白含量的下降。测定水分剥夺的茎瘤在不同ｐＯ２下的固氮活性和茎瘤组织切片的显微观察，支持水分胁迫可使Ｏ２扩散阻力增大这一观点。测定不同ｐＯ２下离体茎瘤固氮活性以ｐＯ２为６０％最高；当把茎瘤切碎后，茎瘤皮层的扩散屏障作用降低或失去，最适ｐＯ２降至４０％，说明Ｏ２是茎瘤固氮作用的限制因子。     

Chemical fixation of toxic metals in stainless steel pickling residue by Na2S∙xH2O, FeSO4∙6H2O and phosphoric acid for beneficial uses

The leaching concentrations of different metals in stainless steel pickling residue(SSPR)were determined and the toxic metals were treated using Na_2 S·xH_2 O,FeSO_4·6 H_2 O,and phosphoric acid.A modified European Community Bureau of Reference(BCR) sequential extraction was used to identify the speciation of the concerned metals.Results showed that SSPR contains a large amount of Ca(58.41%),Fe(29.44%),Cr(3.83%),Ni(2.94%),Mn(2.82%) and some of Al,Cu,Mg,Zn.Among them,Cr and Ni were the most toxic metals in SSPR,thus the raw SSPR falls into hazardous waste category due to the leaching amount of Cr.In addition,the leached Cr was identified as Cr6+(MgCr04) in the waste.BCR test revealed that risk assessment code(RAC) of Cr and Ni were 33.29% and 61.7%,indicating they posed "high" and "very high" risk to the environment,respectively.After fixing by Na_2 S·xH_2 O and FeSO_4·6 H_2 O,the leaching concentrations of Cr and Ni were less than 1.5 and 0.5 mg/L,respectively.After fixing by Na_2 S·xH_2 O and FeSO_4·6 H_2 O the tre ated SSPR can be safely reused as roadbed materials,concrete and cement aggregates.This study provides a useful implication in treatment and beneficial reuse of heavy metal-containing hazardous wastes.     

CeO_2对钙铝基催化剂固硫助燃效果的影响

为了研究添加稀土铈元素对石灰石和铝土粉燃煤固硫催化剂的助燃效果及高温固硫特性的影响,在丰城产优质煤和劣质煤中添加石灰石、铝土粉、CeO_2,考察其固硫及助燃性能。结果显示,不同煤质的固硫率均有明显提高,优质煤的固硫率由未添加石灰石和铝土粉时的7.5%提高至62.8%,劣质煤的固硫率由未添加石灰石和铝土粉时的8.2%提高至53.9%。添加CeO_2后固硫率无明显改善,对劣质煤燃烧有显著促进,将着火点从469℃降低至420℃,而对优质煤助燃效果的改善则稍弱。     

Agroecological Implications of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Madagascar

A system of plant, soil, water and nutrient management for irrigated rice developed in Madagascar has been yielding 5, 10, even 15tha^–1 on farmers' fields where previous yields averaged around 2tha^–1. This is achieved using whatever variety of rice the farmer is already using and without having to utilize chemical fertilizer or other purchased inputs. This system, known as SRI, shows that alternative management practices, creating optimal growing conditions for plants, can bring out previously untapped genetic potential. It also shows that the practices farmers have used for centuries may not always be the best in agronomic terms.     

用于普通小球藻固碳的气升式内环流平板光生物反应器设计参数优化

为构建适宜普通小球藻快速生长及生物固碳的内环流气升式平板光生物反应器,通过正交实验方法考察了表观气速(SGV)、高径比(H/D)、降流区与升流区的面积比(Ad/Ar)等设计参数对传递特性变量(气含率、液相循环流速、体积传质系数)和微藻固碳速率的影响。结果表明,SGV对微藻固碳速率影响最为显著,Ad/Ar次之,H/D最小。最适设计参数为SGV=0.3 vvm,Ad/Ar=3∶1,H/D=6∶1。SGV主要通过提高了藻液的气含率而对微藻固碳起到积极作用;微藻生长受多重因素影响,仅仅考察体积传质系数对反应器性能的提升并不全面,气含率的提高对微藻高效固碳更为有利。     

Influence of pesticides on acetylene reduction and growth of microorganisms in an organic soil 1

Abstract

The effects of 32 pesticides at two concentrations on acetylene reduction (non‐symbiotic nitrogen fixation), nitrogen fixers, bacteria and fungi in an organic soil were assessed. None of the pesticide treatments suppressed C H reduction as compared to controls. No significant inhibition of the population of non‐symbiotic nitrogen fixers occurred. However, stimulatory effects were observed with treatments of fensulfothion, fonofos, oxamyl, DD^R , Telone^R and Telone C^R . Bacterial and fungal populations showed temporary declines but all recovered within 7 days to levels similar to or higher than those in the controls.     

土壤聚合物的制备及其固化重金属离子的研究

土壤聚合物(土聚物)是一种新型的无机聚合物,其分子链由Si,O,Al等以共价键连接而成,是具有网络结构的类沸石,对重金属有较强的固定作用。初步探索了用偏高岭土、碱激活剂等合成土聚物的工艺条件,研究了原料配方、水的加入量对土聚物性能的影响。当氧化硅与氧化铝的摩尔比为4．0-4.5、氧化钠与氧化硅的摩尔比为0．27—0．35时,得到了抗压强度大于48MPa的土聚物;用其固化Zn^2 ,Pb^2 ,Cu^2 和Cd^2 ,其对上述重金属离子的捕集效率为96．86％,99．86％。