女贞秋季光合特性研究

采用Li-6400型便携式光合作用测定系统测定了女贞的光合特性.结果表明,女贞叶片净光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,存在光合“午休”现象;最高峰出现在10：00时左右,次高峰出现在13：00时,日最大净光合速率为10.8umol/m2·s.植物的净光合速率（Pn）与气孔导度（Cond）及蒸腾速率（Tr）呈正相关,而与胞间CO2浓度（Ci）呈负相关.女贞的光补偿点为为8.806umol/m2·s,光饱和点为1499μmol/m2·s,是具有一定耐荫能力的植物.     

Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Endocrine Active Chemicals in Small Streams Indicate Differential Exposure to Aquatic Organisms

Alkylphenolic chemicals (APCs) and hormones were measured six times from February through October 2007 in three Minnesota streams receiving wastewater to identify spatial and temporal patterns in concentrations and in estrogen equivalency. Fish were collected once during the study to evaluate endpoints indicative of endocrine disruption. The most commonly detected APCs were 4‐tert‐octylphenol and 4‐nonylphenol and the most commonly detected hormones were estrone and androstenedione. Chemical concentrations were greatest for nonylphenol ethoxycarboxylates (NPECs) (5,000‐140,000 ng/l), followed by 4‐nonlylphenol and 4‐nonylphenolethoxylates (50‐880 ng/l), 4‐tert‐octylphenol and 4‐tert‐octylphenolethoxylates with concentrations as great as 130 ng/l, and hormones (0.1‐54 ng/l). Patterns in chemicals and estrogen equivalency indicated that wastewater effluent is a pathway of APCs and hormones to downstream locations in this study. However, upstream contributions can be equally or more important indicating alternative sources. This study indicates that aquatic organisms experience both spatially and temporally variable exposures in the number of compounds, total concentrations, and estrogenicity. This variability was evident in fish collected from the three rivers as no clear upstream to downstream pattern of endocrine disruption endpoints emerged.     

污染场地土壤重金属空间异常值识别及其点源效应的分离

由点源污染导致的土壤重金属空间异常值的分布及点源效应的大小将影响场地风险评估和修复方案的制定,进而影响场地的环境管理.以某典型重金属污染场地为研究区域,以表层土壤Cd含量为研究对象,引入稳健变异函数模型,并筛选出合适的变异函数模型,结合平尾化方法对表层土壤Cd含量空间异常值进行识别和处理,并有效地分离出点源效应.研究表明：研究区表层土壤Cd含量空间变异大且存在明显的空间异常值;CressieHawkins稳健变异函数更适用于对研究区表层土壤Cd含量半方差函数的估计,采用稳健变异函数和平尾化方法能够有效地识别空间异常值和分离点源效应,空间异常值主要分布在受人为活动影响较大的区块;由于准点过程导致的变异较大,分离出的点源效应解释了异常值点位表层土壤Cd含量的大部分.     

劳动负荷与作业能力研究

劳动负荷的提高会导致作业疲劳,但适当的劳动负荷对作业能力的提高可能有一定促进作用。设计实验,分析了RPE值和相对心率的相关性,并以相对心率和RPE值为解释变量,分析了它们和反应时、两点阈之间的关系,发现反应时和两点阈在负荷增加过程中存在一个最小值点,而导致这个点出现的劳动负荷即为最佳负荷。以此最佳负荷量安排作业对合理利用劳动力,提高劳动效率,保护劳动者有一定的意义。     

磁性海泡石表面零电荷点和吸附Cd~（2＋）的特性

采用惰性电解质滴定法和静态吸附实验,研究了磁性海泡石表面零电荷点和吸附Cd2＋特性.实验结果表明,海泡石经过磁改性后所对应的pHpzc值由8.0升高到8.5,吸附体系pH的提高,有利于对重金属阳离子Cd2＋的吸附.在pH值大于3时,磁性海泡石对Cd2＋吸附量和去除率随pH值的升高而增大且趋于稳定,其吸附量为16.10 mg.g-1,约为海泡石的3.9倍,去除率为98%,约为海泡石的2.2倍.磁性海泡石对Cd2＋的吸附量与离子强度有较大的相关性,随离子强度的增加而减小;对Cd2＋的吸附量随反应温度的升高而增加,吸附等温式符合Langmuir方程.吸附机理以表面配合吸附和表面沉淀为主.     

环境因素对服装点对点电阻测试结果影响分析

静电放电过程中产生的电火花或电磁场在某些特定环境中会造成重大危害,引起社会广泛关注。穿戴防静电服是静电防护的重要手段,防静电服面料的点对点电阻是防静电服主要性能指标之一,对该指标的准确测量有助于对服装防护能力的准确认识。本文阐述了面料点对点电阻测试原理,详细讨论了防静电服点对点电阻测试结果的组成,指出测试过程中的影响因素包括环境温湿度、测试台面绝缘性能、仪器周围的电磁环境和操作人员的带电等,其中重点分析了环境温湿度对测试结果的影响,指出环境温湿度是点对点电阻测试过程中的主要影响因素,以期通过对相关因素的控制提高对该项性能指标测试结果的准确程度。     

基于模糊随机可靠性的边坡稳定性评价

影响边坡稳定性的因素中包含有很多的不确定性,这些不确定因素既具有随机性也具有模糊性。基于模糊分析理论,建立了模糊随机可靠性分析模型,提出了边坡模糊随机可靠性分析的点估计法,并运用该方法对一露天矿边坡稳定的的可靠性进行分析,通过对影响边坡稳定的各个力学参数进行模糊处理,然后应用统计矩点估计方法估计边坡的安全系数均值和可靠度,得出边坡的失稳概率。这种方法由于考虑到了各个力学参数的模糊性,比较符合客观实际,因而更具有实际指导意义。     

关于安全阀整定压力判定方法的讨论

安全阀整定压力是安全阀重要的技术指标之一。国内安全阀检验机构主要通过压力曲线拐点法或听声音法判定安全阀整定压力,国内外型式试验机构通过开高位移判定安全阀整定压力。通过比对试验发现：压力曲线拐点法或听声音法容易受到安全阀结构形式、是否有前泄及安全阀校验台试验容器和储气罐容积不能满足法规要求等因素影响检验的准确性;开高位移判定更为客观、准确。     

ADDRESSING TOTAL PHOSPHORUS IMPAIRMENTS WITH WATER QUALITY TRADING1

ABSTRACT: Water quality trading is a voluntary economic process that provides an opportunity for dischargers to reduce the costs associated with meeting a discharge limitation. Trading can provide a cost effective solution for point sources (i.e., wastewater treatment plants) to meet strict effluent limitations set in response to total maximum daily loads (TMDLs). A successful trading program often depends on first determining the trading suitability of a pollutant for a particular watershed. A simple technical approach has been developed to identify sub‐watersheds within the Raritan River Basin, New Jersey, where water quality trading could provide a cost effective and scientifically feasible method for addressing total phosphorus impairments. The methodology presented will serve as a model to conduct similar analyses in other watersheds. The Raritan River Basin was divided into 12 subwatershed‐based study areas. Point‐nonpoint source trading opportunities were examined for each study area by examining the point and nonpoint source total phosphorus loading to impaired water bodies. Of the 12 subwatersheds examined, four had a high potential for implementing a successful trading program. Since instream phosphorus concentrations are closely related to soil erosion, an additional analysis was performed to examine soil erodibility. Recommendations are presented for conducting an economic analysis following the feasibility study.