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341.
Where Did the Agricultural Nonpoint Source Trades Go? Lessons from Virginia Water Quality Trading Programs
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Kurt Stephenson Leonard Shabman 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(5):1178-1194
Governmental agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and agricultural organizations promote water quality trading programs as an innovative policy to engage agricultural producers in conservation activities. Cost analyses suggest regulated sources can reduce compliance costs by purchasing agricultural nonpoint source credits. Yet, such “point‐nonpoint” trades are rare. This article assesses the demand for agricultural nonpoint sources in well‐developed nutrient trading programs in Virginia for industrial and municipal wastewater treatment plants, municipal stormwater programs, and land developers. Evidence suggests nutrient trading programs in Virginia will not stimulate investments in pollutant reduction practices on working agricultural lands. The lack of demand for agricultural nonpoint source credits can be attributed to a substantial degree to the design features and incentives present in multiple overlapping regulatory programs. The legal setting that dampens regulated source demand for nonpoint source credits in Virginia is broadly representative of conditions found elsewhere in the United States. 相似文献
342.
Lazaro V. Cremades 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2000,5(2):119-124
This paper presents two simple methods for the estimation of the instantaneous background air pollution level in a study area
around an emitting point source. The methods allow estimation of concentrations non-inclusive of the contribution of the local
emitting source. Hourly records of several monitoring stations located around the point source and results of the diagnostic
Lagrangian particle dispersion model LADISMO are used in the calculations. A hypothetical case study is used to demonstrate
the application of the two methods.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
343.
We describe a flexible, computationally efficient stream network model, which forms the core of a simulation framework that
spatially integrates the contributions from point and nonpoint sources in a watershed. The model uses the map and stream topology
information in the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Reach File 3 to generate a spatially explicit network of stream reaches.
Water and materials are routed through the stream network to the watershed outlet, and the routing process accounts for transit
times and for possible nutrient losses in streams. This model can be applied wherever Reach File maps or maps from the newer
National Hydrography Dataset are available, and it can be combined with models of other watershed processes to create a complete
watershed simulation system. We present an application of the stream network model to two watersheds of different sizes in
the Patuxent River watershed of Maryland, USA. Simulated predictions of streamflow and nitrate concentrations are either very
good or good according to standards developed for evaluating the widely used Hydrologic Simulation Program – Fortran (HSPF)
watershed model. 相似文献
344.
为解决无人机航拍交通事故现场图像特征点数量较少、匹配成功率较低、耗时过长的问题,提出1种改进的SIFT算法,使用Gabor滤波对图像进行特征提取,基于改进的高斯金字塔和多方向多尺度Gabor频谱特点提取出具有尺度、旋转不变性的特征点,结合LLE算法对特征描述符进行降维处理,通过DBSCAN算法对特征点进行密度聚类,计算... 相似文献
345.
针对神经节苷脂生产废水蛋白质含量高的特点,研究了等电点沉淀或混凝沉降预处理、厌氧好氧生物处理、化学沉淀和类Fenton氧化后处理组合工艺处理神经节苷脂生产废水的技术。结果表明,神经节苷脂生产废水的等电点在pH=2.2左右,通过等电点沉淀可去除30%以上的COD,但等电点时蛋白质的沉淀速度非常慢;用聚合硫酸铁对神经节苷脂生产废水进行混凝预处理的最适工艺条件是:pH=7~7.5,聚合硫酸铁用量=500~750 mg/L。在优化条件下,混凝预处理可以使神经节苷脂生产废水的COD从27 000 mg/L左右降到13 000 mg/L左右。混凝预处理后的神经节苷脂生产废水经48 h厌氧和84 h好氧生物处理,COD值进一步下降到600 mg/L左右。然后向每升生化出水中加入2~3 mmol Fe3+,通过化学沉淀作用除去其中的磷酸盐,过量的Fe3+作为后续类Fenton氧化的催化剂。当H2O2(30%)用量为2~3 mL/L时,最终出水的COD值可以达到国家一级排放标准。 相似文献
346.
347.
乡村振兴背景下浙江省3A级景区村庄空间结构特征与影响因子分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
乡村振兴背景下,基于浙江省1597处3A级景区村庄数据,采用最邻近距离指数、点密度分析,结合ArcGIS 10.6、地理探测器等数据处理与分析工具,探讨浙江省及各地级市3A级景区村庄空间结构特征、影响因子,并提出空间结构优化思路:(1)浙江省及各地级市3A级景区村庄空间分布聚集性显著,空间结构呈“万”字形。(2)各地级市空间结构特征具有趋低海拔、趋平原、趋阳坡、趋河流、趋干线、趋中心地等分布规律。(3)3A级景区村庄数与高程、坡度、坡度变率、坡向变率呈负相关,距水域分布5 km范围、地级市40 km范围、区县15 km范围、重要道路干线4 km范围、高级别景区20 km范围内具有显著的聚集性与辐射性。(4)自然因子是影响3A级景区村庄空间结构特征的先决性因子,人文因子是村庄转型的牵引性因子。(5)3A级景区村庄优化可进一步以点促面,促成多核心放射结构和核聚—扩散结构、以线为轴,优化聚集—汇流结构、以面化点,优化同异互动结构。 相似文献
348.
浊点萃取-高效液相色谱测定土壤及底泥中痕量多环芳烃 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)超声波辅助浊点萃取(CPE),高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定土壤及底泥中痕量多环芳烃(PAHs),在SDS浓度为2.75%,HCl用量为4.2mol·l-1,平衡温度为70℃.恒温时间为50min的最佳条件下,萘、芴、苊烯、菲和芘的方法检测限分别:31.40,18.84,12.56,94.20和31.40μg·l-1,线性范嗣为0-10.0 mg·l-1. 相似文献
349.
Hierarchical spatial point process analysis for a plant community with high biodiversity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Janine B. Illian Jesper Møller Rasmus P. Waagepetersen 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2009,16(3):389-405
A complex multivariate spatial point pattern of a plant community with high biodiversity is modelled using a hierarchical
multivariate point process model. In the model, interactions between plants with different post-fire regeneration strategies
are of key interest. We consider initially a maximum likelihood approach to inference where problems arise due to unknown
interaction radii for the plants. We next demonstrate that a Bayesian approach provides a flexible framework for incorporating
prior information concerning the interaction radii. From an ecological perspective, we are able both to confirm existing knowledge
on species’ interactions and to generate new biological questions and hypotheses on species’ interactions.
相似文献
Rasmus P. WaagepetersenEmail: |
350.