富营养化水体的水芹菜浮床栽培试验

通过水面浮床栽培试验,研究了水培水芹菜(Oenanthe javanica)植株的生长特征、生物量的解析结构,以及水芹菜在富营养化水体中对氮、磷的吸收,水芹植株的平均鲜量为85.22 g,其中水上部分占82%,水下部分占18%,生物量分布主要集中在水上部分.其对N 、P的直接吸收分别可以达到43.63～67.46 kg/(hm2·a)和9.828～10.29 kg/(hm2·a).结果表明,水芹是一种适合在低温的情况下进行水培的植物,并对富营养化水体有良好的净化效果.     

超细无碱玻纤复合滤料的过滤性能

袋式除尘是一种高效的除尘技术,对PM2.5具有较高的过滤效率,但是其运行阻力较大,因此,研发高效、低阻过滤材料是解决大气污染问题的关键所在。以耐高温的PPS纤维针刺布为上下层,超细无碱玻纤为中间层,经过超声波粘合或线缝合技术制备了多层复合过滤材料,研究了滤料在容尘状态下的过滤效率、过滤阻力,以及孔径变化。结果表明,该复合滤料的初始阻力低于150 Pa,容尘后对0.2~2 μm的颗粒物的过滤效率达80%以上;随着粉尘的沉积,滤料的过滤效率有了较大提高,对1 μm以上颗粒物的过滤效率可达99.99%以上,对最易透过粒径（MPPS）的过滤效率达95%以上;过滤前后,滤料的孔径分布发生了变化,过滤后滤料出现了1~5 μm的孔径分布。该复合滤料在工业高温粉尘过滤中将会有较好的应用前景。     

Bioaccessibility of polychlorinated biphenyls in workplace dust and its implication for risk assessment

Human exposure to bioaccessible PCBs via indoor dust is limited around the world. In the present study, the workplace dust sample from commercial office, hospital, secondary school, shopping mall, electronic factory and manufacturing plant were collected from Hong Kong for PCBs analyses. Total PCBs concentrations ranged from 46.8 to 249 ng g⁻¹, with a median of 107 ng g⁻¹. Manufacturing plant showed the highest concentration among all of sampling sites. PCB 77 was found as the dominant congeners. The bioaccessibility of PCBs in small intestinal juice ranging from 8.3% to 26.0% was significantly higher than that in gastric condition, ranging from 4.8% to 12.4%. In addition, significant negative correlations (p < 0.05) were observed between K_OW and bioaccessibility for all workplace dust samples. Risk assessment indicated that the averaged daily dose of dioxin-like PCBs via non-dietary intake of workplace dust, considering the bioaccessibility of PCBs, were much lower than the TDI of dioxins (2.3 pg WHO-TEQ kg bw⁻¹ d⁻¹) established by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.     

连片生态浮床对微污染河水的净化效果

选取漕桥河的支流庙尖浜作为实验河段,以睡莲(Nymphaea alba)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus Linn)和水芹(Oenan-the javanica(Blume)DC)作为微污染水体净化的浮床植物,研究连片生态浮床的净化能力随季节的变化和浮床面积对连片生态浮床净化能力的影响。结果显示,秋-冬-春季节内植物的净化能力随季节变化呈"U"型,相应的河水水质的变化呈一个倒置的"U"型;在一定营养负荷和植物正常生长状况下,沿水流方向,氮、磷含量随浮床面积的增加而降低——春季时,随浮床面积增加,菖蒲区对TN的去除率由8.6%增加到26.7%,TP的去除率由17.1%增加到58.2%,水芹区对TN和TP的去除率最高可达22.0%和28.0%。研究表明连片生态浮床是河道水质改善的有效可行的方法之一,可为太湖入湖河流的营养物质控制提供科学依据。     

燃煤手烧锅炉除尘器的研究与开发

介绍了一种集多种湿法除尘技术之长于一体的新型组合式除尘装置,该装置不仅能有效地消除手烧锅炉燃烧时产生的烟尘,而且实现了除尘水的内循环,消除了其他湿式除尘器所带来的水的二次污染问题。     

焦炉装煤烟尘治理方案的探讨

焦炉装煤烟尘含有害物质，污染环境，危害人体健康。袋式除尘器的使用，消除了烟尘的污染，但因投资大、运行费用高、操作复杂，难以得到快速、广泛的推广。根据实验结果和已有应用情况，本文推荐了三相流化床除尘装置和颗粒层除尘器，它们可用于焦炉装煤烟尘治理，其投资和运行费用会大大降低。     

Endpoint ‘floating leaves’ of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Potamogeton natans</Emphasis>: A new method to evaluate the development of macrophytes in pond mesocosms

Goal, Scope and Background One of the advantages of long-term mesocosm experiments as compared to short-term standard toxicity tests in the laboratory is the potential for detecting secondary effects due to the interaction of species and recovery with biomass of macrophytes being an important endpoint. However, generating biomass data by harvesting is often laborious, time-consuming, costly and restricted to the end of the experiment. Moreover, valuable information may get lost, in particular in single application studies, since maximal primary effects and secondary effects or recovery occur per se at different times. Potamogeton natans was used as an example in order to test whether number and area of floating leaves can be reliably measured and be used as intermediate and final endpoints in mesocosm effect studies. Methods Digital photos, which were taken of the water surface in the course of an indoor pond mesocosm study on herbicide effects, were subjected to image analysis. The results were compared to wet weight and ash-free dry weight of Potamogeton at the end of the herbicide study. Results and Discussion Both number and area of floating leaves indicated the same herbicide effects as wet weight and ash-free dry weight of Potamogeton. Error introduced by the different work steps is small and can be further minimised by a number of method improvements. Recommendations and Perspectives In indoor mesocosm studies, errors due to the perspective adjustment may be circumvented by taking the photos perpendicular to the water surface. Correction for lens aberration, identical light conditions and the use of fluorescence images are considered promising. Field applications are proposed.     

金属丝棉结构在电焊烟尘处理中的过滤性能研究

电焊烟尘对人危害极大,必须加以净化才能排放到空气中.然而电焊作业烟尘量极大,由于过滤效率低,导致小型移动式电焊除尘器应用受到限制.为了更好地利用移动式除尘器净化电焊烟尘,研究高效过滤材料变得非常重要.通过数值模拟金属丝绵的除尘效率、过滤压力损失及残余压降等影响过滤性能的因素,将金属丝绵应用于移动式除尘器.为了更好地发挥...     

碳酸氢钠及其固态分解产物对玉米淀粉爆炸抑制实验研究

为研究NaHCO3对玉米淀粉爆炸的抑制效果,采用20 L球形爆炸装置测试玉米淀粉在添加不同抑制比NaHCO3及其固态分解产物Na2 CO3后爆炸参数变化规律,并分析NaHCO3抑制淀粉爆炸过程.结果表明:NaHCO3及Na2 CO3对玉米淀粉爆炸均有抑制作用,NaHCO3抑制效果优于Na2 CO3;混合粉尘的最大爆炸压...     

Inhibiting effects by Fe2O3 on combustion and explosion characteristics of ABS resin

The global increase in the use of, and reliance on, plastics has prompted the demand for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin in various fields. With this increased requirement, numerous failures have occurred in the ABS process. Those incidents, resulting from electrostatic discharge, powder accumulation, heat accumulation, construction sparks, and plant fires, have caused dust fire and explosions.In this study, the ABS resin was gleaned from the site and tested for its explosion parameters, including minimum ignition temperature of dust cloud (MIT_C), minimum ignition energy (MIE), and minimum explosion concentration (MEC). To improve loss prevention in the manufacturing process, ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) as an inert additive was added in the ABS powder. According to the MIE test, Fe₂O₃ has an apparent inhibiting effect on dust explosion for the ABS dust. With the proportion of Fe₂O₃ increased from 25 to 50 mass% in ABS, the MIE increased from 67 to 540 mJ. The explosion tests via 20-L apparatus indicated that Fe₂O₃ mixed with ABS could not increase the MEC significantly. However, the explosion pressure dropped by increasing in the ratio of Fe₂O₃ in ABS. This inerting strategy of ABS was deemed to substantially lessen the probability and severity of fire and explosion.