磁强化Fenton处理苯酚废水的试验研究

试验对比了普通Fenton试剂和磁Fenton试剂处理模拟苯酚废水的效果,并探讨了磁Fenton的作用机理.当磁场强度为592mT,pH=3,按m(COD):m(H2O2)=1:2,n(H2O2):n(Fe2+)=15:1投加一定量的FeSO4·7H2O和H2O2,反应时间60min,挥发酚和COD去除 率分别达到99...     

内蒙古清洁发展机制（CDM）项目现状分析及对策

清洁发展机制（Clean Development Mechanism,简称CDM）是《京都议定书》规定的3种温室气体减排途径之一,也是发展中国家唯一的参与温室气体减排的机制。本文以我国现阶段CDM项目发展现状为背景,具体针对内蒙古CDM项目现状及存在的问题（截至2010年9月7日）展开分析,提出内蒙古发展CDM项目的解决对策。     

关于深化企业清洁生产工作的思考

从3个支撑体系着手,提出了企业做好清洁生产工作的措施:加强管理、优化技术、开展审核,建立清洁生产长效机制。     

7A04铝合金在周浸试验中的腐蚀行为研究

采用周期浸泡的腐蚀试验方法,并通过电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等检测技术,研究了7A04铝合金的腐蚀行为和腐蚀机理.结果表明,7A04铝合金的腐蚀动力学符合幂函数规律,其腐蚀历程为由点蚀经短暂的晶间腐蚀后快速发展为剥蚀,EIS由高中频3个容抗弧和低频收缩的感抗弧组成.     

The effect of N2/CO2 blend ratios on the pyrolysis and combustion behaviors of coal particles: Kinetic and thermodynamic analyses

The aim of this work is to investigate the impact of various CO₂/N₂ ratios on coal pyrolysis and combustion properties and to provide theoretical guidance for better preventing and controlling coal spontaneous combustion in the goaf. The dynamic pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of DX coal were analyzed by using a thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) in a constant oxygen atmosphere with different CO₂/N₂ blend ratios. The Málek method combining Coats-Redfern and Achar methods was used to determine the most probable mechanism functions. CO₂ containing atmospheres increased characteristic temperatures, burnout rate, maximum mass loss rate and comprehensive combustion performance index compared to O₂/N₂ atmospheres. In stages I-III, a lower apparent activation energy was observed in O₂/CO₂ atmospheres. Apparent activation energy and enthalpy changes showed upward trends in the reaction stage (I→III→IV), whereas Gibbs free energy change and entropy change decreased. The dynamic pyrolysis and combustion of DX coal necessitated increased energy in environment with a CO₂/N₂ ratio of 4:6, revealing the optimal inhibitory effect on DX coal with this particular ratio.     

Cationic content effects of biodegradable amphoteric chitosan-based flocculants on the flocculation properties

A series of biodegradable amphoteric chitosan-based flocculants (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTA) modified carboxymethyl chitosan, denoted as CMC-CTA) with different substitution degrees of CTA were prepared successfully. The content of carboxymethyl groups in each CMC-CTA sample was kept almost constant. The solubility of the various flocculants showed that, higher cationic content of flocculants caused a better solubility. The flocculation experiments using kaolin suspension as synthetic water at the laboratory scale indicated that the substitution degree of CTA was one of the key factors for the flocculation properties. With the increase of cationic content, the flocculants were demonstrated better flocculation performance and lower dosage requirement. Flocculation kinetics model of particles collisions combining zeta potential and turbidity measurements was employed to investigate the effects of the cationic content of the flocculants on the flocculation properties from the viewpoint of flocculation mechanism in detail. Furthermore, flocculation performance using raw water from Zhenjiang part of Yangtze River at the pilot scale showed the similar effects to those at the laboratory scale.     

Adsorptive removal of hydrophobic organic compounds by carbonaceous adsorbents: A comparative study of waste-polymer-based, coal-based activated carbon, and carbon nanotubes

Adsorption of the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,3-dichlorobenzene (DCB), 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB) and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) on five different carbonaceous materials was compared. The adsorbents included three polymer-based activated carbons, one coal-based activated carbon (F400) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT). The polymerbased activated carbons were prepared using KOH activation from waste polymers: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) and tire rubber (TR). Compared with F400 and MWNT, activated carbons derived from PVC and PET exhibited fast adsorption kinetics and high adsorption capacity toward the HOCs, attributed to their extremely large hydrophobic surface area (2700 m²/g) and highly mesoporous structures. Adsorption of small-sized TCE was stronger on the tire-rubber-based carbon and F400 resulting from the pore-filling effect. In contrast, due to the molecular sieving effect, their adsorption on HCH was lower. MWNT exhibited the lowest adsorption capacity toward HOCs because of its low surface area and characteristic of aggregating in aqueous solution.     

有机氯农药微生物降解技术研究进展

文章综述了有机氯农药的污染化学特征、环境介质中的分布水平、降解功能微生物的种类以及典型有机氯农药的降解途径等,并对有机氯农药微生物降解相关的酶和基因以及降解机理进行了重点讨论。参与有机氯农药微生物降解过程的酶主要有脱氯化氢酶、水解酶和脱氢酶三种,它们通过共代谢,中间协同代谢或矿化等作用完成降解过程。相关降解基因主要是Lin家族基因,包括LinA～LinJ的10个典型功能基因编码。微生物降解有机氯农药的机理主要包括矿化作用、共代谢作用、种间协同代谢作用、活化作用和间接作用等,其中矿化过程包括氧化、还原、水解、脱水、脱卤和裂解等生化反应。由于有机氯农药的持久性和广泛污染性,其降解机理及中间产物的类型、毒性以及新型降解菌的效能开发仍是该领域今后的研究重点。     

SO_3烟气调质对粉尘导电性能的改善机制

以塔山电厂SO3烟气调质运行实测数据为基础条件,通过分析SO3烟气调质后的除尘效率与飞灰比电阻、飞灰粒径、飞灰含湿量等理化性质,揭示SO3烟气调质对燃用高灰分劣质煤电厂除尘性能改善机制。为期一年测试结果表明:调质后比电阻降低3个数量级,2μm以下粒径粉尘比例提高了近6%,含湿量提高14%,从而提高表面导电机制,改善电除尘器电气参数,使电除尘效率由原来98.82%稳定提高至99.91%。     

城市污泥处理过程中有机成分的变化

有机成分是城市污泥处理处置中需要重点关注的对象,对于污泥处理技术路线的选择十分重要。介绍了我国城市污泥有机成分含量的2种测量方法和有机成分的分类研究,阐述了好氧堆肥、厌氧消化、干化、焚烧、水热处理等污泥处理过程中有机成分的变化,包括有机成分的反应机理,产物中有机成分的组成及性质等。