絮凝-Fenton试剂法处理煤加压气化废水实验研究

采用絮凝-Fenton试剂法对煤加压气化废水进行预处理,确定了最佳处理条件,絮凝时,pH=6,每100mL废水中加Fe2(SO4)3(10%)0.4mL,加CaO2.5g,搅拌时间为30min,静置3h;Fenton试剂催化氧化处理絮凝反应后的废水时,H2O2的加入量为18g/L,[Fe2+]=1.8g/L,pH值为絮凝出水的值,温度为常温,搅拌时间为1.5h,反应后静置3h。实验表明,经该方法处理后,废水的COD从3722.26mg/L降至598.87mg/L,去除率达83.91%,并且BOD5、氨氮、挥发酚和色度都有很大的去除,去除率分别为78.70%、50.37%、72.71%和99.90%,BOD5与COD的比值由0.34提高到0.45,有效的提高了废水的可生化性。     

汽车电泳磷化废水的特点及处理

汽车工业电泳磷化废水成分复杂、COD值高、可生化性差。聚合氯化铝 (PAC)对乳化油珠的电中和破乳及其凝絮对高分子有机物的吸附起主要作用 ;选择阳离子高分子絮凝剂 ,由于其水解产物带有正电荷铵盐基团 ,加强了残存COD的吸附 ,完善了絮凝分离过程。选用恰当的混凝剂和设计合理的工艺流程 ,采用以混凝为基础的物理化学方法 ,可以进行有效的处理。     

絮凝形态学研究及进展

从水体中原始颗粒、絮凝剂和絮体 3个方面综述了絮凝形态学的研究进展 ,尤其是分形理论在絮凝理论与工程中的应用。絮体是具有自相似或自仿射和标度不变的分形结构 ,其分形维数是描述絮凝过程的重要因素。絮体分形结构导致了絮体碰撞的作用半径、有效密度等变化 ,从而对颗粒物分离过程有重要的影响。     

焦化厂生化出水电解脱色工艺及其机理的初步研究

针对焦化废水经萃取(蒸氨)脱酚和生化处理后的出水水质的特点,研究用铝板作为电极电解该废水的脱色效果,研究了废水pH、电解槽电压、时间等因素对其色度去除率的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺参数为:pH=4、电解槽电压=10V、时间=30min,此时色度去除率可达93.6%,COD的去除率也可以达到61.78%。采用GCMS分析了电解前后废水中的有机物成分,探讨了形成高色度水质的原因、有机物的去除及脱色机理。     

化学生物絮凝与化学絮凝工艺处理城市污水--加药量对污染物去除效果的影响

化学生物絮凝工艺是利用将化学和生物协同絮凝作用处理污水的强化一级新工艺.试验通过在不同加药量情况下化学生物絮凝和化学絮凝工艺的中试试验对比研究,得出在相同加药量条件下,化学生物絮凝污染物去除效率均优于化学絮凝工艺10%～20%.在70 mg/L液体聚合氯化铝铁复配0.5 mg/L PAM的加药条件下,化学生物絮凝工艺经过30 min的水力停留时间,在进水CODCr为100～260 mg/L,TP为2～4 mg/L,SS为80～150 mg/L,NH3-N为10～25 mg/L条件下,出水CODCr、TP、SS、NH3-N满足城镇污水处理厂污染物排放二级标准.     

废柴油再生工艺的研究

以石油破乳剂DPA2 0 3 1为絮凝剂、活性白土为吸附剂 ,经絮凝、吸附再生处理了废柴油。考察了影响絮凝、吸附的各种因素。确定最佳絮凝条件 :温度 80℃、混合时间 45min、10 0g废柴油所需石油破乳剂 2 g ;净化油收率 82 %、透光率 3 9 5 %。最佳吸附条件 :每 10 0 g净化油活性白土用量 15g、硅酸钠 3 g、温度 75℃、时间 40min ;精制油收率 89%、透光率 83 %。精制油的一些理化指标符合国家标准     

絮凝沉淀和人工湿地技术在河流污染治理中的应用

海新河是浑河抚顺城市段的一级支流,水质超过国家地表水V类标准,外观上发黑、发臭,己蜕化成为城市排污沟。其水质状况直接影响浑河水环境功能,继而影响辽河流域的总体水质。针对海新河污染特点,采用絮凝沉淀和人工湿地技术对海新河进行工程治理,建设一座占地1.1万平方米日处理能力6万吨的一级污水处理厂和一块占地4.95万平方米的人工湿地,工程实施后海新河水质达到地表水IV类水体标准,并达到中水回水标准,具有良好的经济、环境和社会效益。     

Effects of lipids on the sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds on geosorbents: a case study using phenanthrene

The impact of the lipid fraction of natural geosorbents on the sorption of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon was assessed using several experiments. In the first set of experiments phenanthrene was sorbed on a coastal sediment as well as on its humin and humic acid fractions before and after lipid extraction. Before lipid extraction, sorption shows dominantly partitioning characteristics. However, the extraction of lipids from sediment and humin drastically increases, by up to one order of magnitude, their sorption affinity for phenanthrene at low sorbate concentrations, resulting in increased isotherm nonlinearity. This effect is less pronounced for humic acids. One mechanism proposed for the increasing sorption is that lipids, despite their very low relative abundance in the sediments, can compete with phenanthrene for specific high affinity sorption sites (e.g., matrix pores and adsorption sites). This competition is not surprising considering the similar hydrophobic nature of lipids and phenanthrene. Lipids, or any non-polar molecules, could also act like plasticizers by swelling rigid domains and disrupting high affinity sites. In both cases, the removal of lipids (and extraction solvents) makes those sites available for phenanthrene. These provide alternative explanations to the previously proposed “solvent conditioning effect” believed to occur when geosorbents are treated with non-polar solvents modifying the matrix structure, an effect yet to be proven at molecular scale. To further investigate the impact of lipids on sorption, other independent experiments were performed. In a second experiment, re-addition of lipids to the extracted sediment restored the sorption isotherm linearity observed in the native material supporting the absence of irreversible extraction artifacts. However, high addition of lipids (i.e., after saturation of high affinity sites) seems to also enlarge the low affinity partitioning domain. These results are consistent with dual-mode, hole-filling, sorption models involving diffusion. In the final set of experiments, solid-state ¹⁹F-NMR using F-labeled lipids sorbed onto the sediments confirmed that lipids may be in different domains (mobile or rigid) that interact or not with phenanthrene. The possible effects of lipid removal on sorption have been overlooked and should be considered when geosorbents are pretreated.     

JAZ型絮凝剂对活性染料的絮凝效果

本文介绍了新近开发的ＪＡＺ絮凝凝剂地水样中活性艳红Ｋ－２ＢＰ，活性紫Ｈ－２Ｒ和活性黑Ｋ－ＢＲ染料的絮凝效果及ＰＨ值和投药比对脱色率的影响。在中性和弱酸性中絮凝效果好。投药比增大脱色率增加。对活性艳红和活性紫，起始浓度增加则达到８８．５％脱色率的投药比降低。对三种活性染料配水和活性 染料配水和活性黑染料生产水脱色率均可达到９９％，处理液残余色度在２０倍以下。