曝气-混凝一体法去除碱性废水中砷的研究

采用曝气－混凝一体法处理碱性含砷废水。氧化方式研究表明,以曝气替代混凝机械搅拌过程,既起到氧化作用,又完成了混合作用,同时具有较好的处理效果;采用该法结合二次混凝工艺处理高浓度碱性含砷废水（砷浓度达414.94mg/L）,聚合铁为絮凝剂,总Fe/As＝3.0,砷去除率99.92％,出水中砷浓度0.33mg/L;在所选用的三种混凝剂中,聚合铁处理效果最佳。     

微生物絮凝剂MBFGA1的结构鉴定及絮凝机理研究

以对高岭土的絮凝率为指标对GA1发酵液中各组分的絮凝活性进行预分析,确定MBFGA1精产品为该絮凝剂的核心有效成分.通过丙酮沉淀法提取MBFGA1粗产品,经Sevage试剂纯化后得到MBFGA1精产品,采用全波长扫描、苯酚-硫酸法及考马斯亮蓝法鉴定精产品为多糖类物质,并经2次凝胶过滤层析分离获得MBFGA1-1和MBFGA1-2两组分;分别使用电镜(ESEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)以及气相色谱(GC)对MBFGA1、MBFGA1-1和MBFGA1-2进行检测分析.结果显示MBFGA1为线性长链状分子结构,多糖主链上单糖间的连接主要为α-型糖苷键,含有羟基,羧基,甲氧基等有利于絮凝的基团;高效液相色谱和气相色谱测定MBFGA1-1分子量为1.18′106D,单糖组成为0.3木糖:1甘露糖:1.09葡萄糖,另含有少量鼠李糖;MBFGA1-2分子量为3.08′103D,单糖组成为0.68鼠李糖:0.28木糖:1.82甘露糖:1半乳糖:3.73葡萄糖.根据分析结果推测絮凝机理主要为吸附架桥,其中MBFGA1的大分子量以及所含的极性基团使得絮凝剂长链结构分子能够充分伸展,较好地发挥吸附架桥作用.     

混凝工艺生产再生水的试验

国内某污水回用工程采用混凝工艺作为生产再生水的重要步骤,通过大量的试验来选择适合的混凝剂,并绘制出最佳投药量曲线来指导生产;同时分析了影响混凝工艺处理效果的主要因素以及反应机理。     

CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION-COAGULATION FOR ORGANIC COLOR REMOVAL FROM GOUNDWATERS1

ABSTRACT: Many wells produce water that is highly colored by organic substances. Colored water may cause aesthetic, economic, and health problems for the cities using it as a municipal supply. Characterization of water from a number of wells showed that the color causing compounds were hydroxylated aromatic carboxylic acids which were precipitated below pH 4.5 and were almost completely ionized above pH 4.5. Through jar tests, a chemical precipitation-coagulation treatment system was developed. The optimal sequence of chemical addition was alum first, followed by pH adjustment and addition of a polyelectrolyte. Rapid mix tests demonstrated the need for a reaction period after alum and after acid addition, and that the rapid mix time controlled floc size for a given flocculation period. Flocculation tests, varying both the floc time and mean velocity gradient, G, showed that an optimum G exists for each floc time and that the residual color decreased with decreasing values of velocity gradient.     

钻井污水处理的物化工艺研究

对二级化学混凝、Fenton氧化与微孔膜过滤耦合技术工艺处理钻井污水进行了实验研究。首先通过对不同混凝剂的对比实验，确定了最佳混凝剂及试剂最佳投加量，探讨了耦合条件对处理出水COD的去除效果。实验结果表明，采用PAC和PFS的二级混凝、Fenton氧化与微孔膜过滤耦合技术工艺可使钻井污水COD去除率达到95％，其余各项指标亦达标。     

渤海埕北油田生产污水处理

1987年底埕北油田排海生产污水含油严重超标，为解决这一问题，采取了一系列措施，如：调整改进聚结器、浮选器，砂滤器添加滤网，清洁水缓冲罐增设污油回收装置。之后，进行了加药实验，实验表明：选择适用子处理埕北油田生产污水的化学药剂和其合适的加药浓度，使排海生产污水含油达到了规定的标准。从根本上解决了排海污水超标问题。     

季铵盐型Gemini表面活性剂去除铜绿微囊藻

研究了5种不同结构的季铵盐表面活性剂对铜绿微囊藻的去除效率,对比发现具有Gemini双子结构的季铵盐表面活性剂比普通的单链表面活性剂对铜绿微囊藻的去除效率高,且烷烃链越长去除效果越好。以去除效率最高的16-6-16季铵盐型Gemini表面活性剂为研究对象,探讨了16-6-16用量、藻液浓度、pH及离子强度等对除藻效果的影响。结果表明：随着16-6-16用量的增加,藻细胞的去除率逐渐增加,在较高的藻密度（A_683nm=0.402）下,仅需5 mg/L的16-6-16即可破坏藻细胞的完整性,导致其死亡,当16-6-16的用量达到20 mg/L时,24 h后的藻细胞及叶绿素a的去除率可达90%;固定16-6-16的投加量为20 mg/L,随着藻浓度增大,16-6-16的除藻效率提高;当铜绿微囊藻的光密度值在A_683nm=0.402时,除藻效率最高;16-6-16除藻的最适宜pH为7~9;随着溶液离子强度增加,除藻效率降低。最后根据透反射生物显微镜观察灭藻前后藻细胞微观结构的变化及藻液Zeta电位的测试,初步探讨了季铵盐型Gemini表面活性剂灭杀铜绿微囊藻的机理。     

微絮凝—深床过滤理论与应用的研究

本文在论述目前混凝，过滤过程理论及其研究发展的基础上，就微絮凝－深床过滤工艺技术的发展及其应用，以及重要影响因素进行探讨，并提出自己的一些看法，以期对实验研究和生产实践能够有所裨益。     

Removal of pesticides from surface waters by combined physicochemical processes. Part I: Dodine

The simultaneous action of powdered activated carbon and several coagulant agents on the removal of the fungicide dodine from spiked distilled water, was studied. As coagulants, ferric chloride (FeCl₃) and basic polyaluminium chlorosulfate ([Al(OH)_xCl_y(SO₄)_z]_n) were examined, using polyacrylamide, in certain cases, as coagulant aid (polyelectrolyte). The efficiency of dodine removal was investigated with respect to the added amount of powdered activated carbon (PAC), the pH value, as well as the type and dose of coagulant and polyelectrolyte. The experiments were performed applying the standard jar-test procedure. The initial concentration of dodine was 250 μg/L. At this concentration and pH range 5–8 it was found that a dose of 100 mg/L PAC was necessary to achieve more than 98% removal of dodine, whereas lower removal (91–93%) was obtained applying half the dose of PAC under the same conditions. However, when 10–100 mg/L FeCl₃ were simultaneously added with PAC, the removal efficiency increased to >98%, even with the half PAC dose.     

絮凝-微滤组合工艺处理炼油厂“三泥”水相的研究

采用絮凝剂絮凝和陶瓷膜微滤的组合工艺处理炼油厂“三泥”水相。研究结果表明：絮凝处理可明显降低水相的石油类浓度和COD,将絮凝处理与0．2μm氧化锆膜过滤处理相结合,渗透液的石油类浓度和COD可达到国家排放标准。以絮凝处理后出水的石油类浓度为基准,确定了合适的絮凝剂为3530S,并通过正交试验确定了合适的絮凝处理工艺条件：絮凝剂加入量为70mg／L,絮凝温度为40℃,搅拌时间为90min,静置时间为1．5h。同时,絮凝处理能减轻膜污染,增大膜的渗透通量。考察了操作压力和错流速率对渗透液质量和膜渗透通量的影响,确定了合适的操作条件：操作压力为0．11MPa,错流速率应保证在完全湍流区。