Chemical oxygen demand reduction in coffee wastewater through chemical flocculation and advanced oxidation processes

The removal of the natural organic matter present in coffee processing wastewater through chemical coagulation-flocculation and advanced oxidation processes （AOP） had been studied. The effectiveness of the removal of natural organic matter using commercial flocculants and UV/H202, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3 processes was determined under acidic conditions. For each of these processes, different operational conditions were explored to optimize the treatment efficiency of the coffee wastewater. Coffee wastewater is characterized by a high chemical oxygen demand （COD） and low total suspended solids. The outcomes of coffee wastewater treatment using coagulation-flocculation and photodegradation processes were assessed in terms of reduction of COD, color, and turbidity. It was found that a reduction in COD of 67% could be realized when the coffee wastewater was treated by chemical coagulation-flocculation with lime and coagulant T-1. When coffee wastewater was treated by coagulation-flocculation in combination with UV/H2O2, a COD reduction of 86% was achieved, although only after prolonged UV irradiation. Of the three advanced oxidation processes considered, UV/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3, we found that the treatment with UV/H2O2/O3 was the most effective, with an efficiency of color, turbidity and further COD removal of 87%, when applied to the flocculated coffee wastewater.     

PFMS-PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂的制备及其絮凝性能

以硫酸亚铁、硫酸镁和聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)为原料,制备了一种新型无机-有机复合絮凝剂PFMS-PDMDAAC,考察了碱化度、铁镁摩尔配比、有机絮凝剂与无机絮凝剂质量比(D/FM)和废水pH等对絮凝剂絮凝性能的影响,并应用于实际印染废水的处理。实验结果表明,PFMS-PDMDAAC在较宽的pH范围内有着良好的脱色性能,两者复配呈现出显著的协同作用,絮凝效果明显提高。在PFMS中引入PDMDAAC后,絮凝剂的Fe(Ⅲ)的优势形态含量增加;同时絮凝剂水解产物的Zeta电位亦明显升高,电中和能力增强。     

Performance of dithiocarbamate-type flocculant in treating simulated polymer flooding produced water

Produced water from polymer flooding is di cult to treat due to its high polymer concentration, high viscosity, and emulsified characteristics. The dithiocarbamate flocculant, DTC (T403), was prepared by the amine-terminated polyoxypropane-ether compound known as Je amine-T403. The product was characterized by IR spectra and elemental analysis. The DTC agent chelating with Fe2+ produced a network polymer matrix, which captured and removed oil droplets e ciently. Oil removal by the flocculent on simulated produced water with 0, 200, 500, 900 mg/L of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) was investigated for aspects of e ectiveness of DTC (T403) dosage and concentrations of HPAM and Fe2+ ions in the wastewater. Results showed that HPAM had a negative influence on oil removal e ciency when DTC (T403) dosage was lower than 20 mg/L. However, residual oil concentrations in tested samples with di erent concentrations of HPAM all decreased below 10 mg/L when DTC (T403) dosage reached 30 mg/L. The concentration of Fe2+ in the initial wastewater had a slight e ect on oil removal at the range of 2–12 mg/L. Results showed that Fe3+ could not be used in place of Fe2+ as Fe3+ could not react with DTC under flocculated conditions. The e ects of mineral salts ions were also investigated.     

聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的合成及水处理絮凝效能研究

在强碱性条件下由烯丙基氯和二甲胺反应，先生成二甲基一烯丙基叔胺，分离后再次加入烯丙基氯，于丙酮介质中结晶析出二甲基二 丙基氯化铵，产率达７５％，以复合引发剂引发聚合，得分子得９９．４万的高聚物。絮凝实验证明，最佳投药量一般小于１ｐｐｍ，如果与铝直和，可使浊水达更高的澄清度。     

苯酚、苯胺对吸附胶束絮凝过程的影响

吸附胶束絮凝(AMF)法可用于去除水体中的各种污染物,为了对其处理过程中的行为加以控制,以阴离子表面活性剂SDS和铝盐为模型,通过Zeta电位、表面张力和平均粒度等分析方法,研究了吸附胶束絮凝法对苯酚、苯胺的分离去除及苯酚、苯胺对其吸附胶束絮凝过程的影响。结果表明:苯酚的存在没有对表面活性剂胶束的絮凝产生明显的影响,由于Al3+的存在,推测苯酚以络合物的形式吸附在胶束的斯特恩层,并可通过铝盐对胶束的絮凝而与水相分离去除,其去除率在40%~50%左右。而极少量的极性有机物苯胺可使表面活性剂胶束的絮凝发生较大改变,推测苯胺的存在抑制了絮凝胶团的形成。当苯胺浓度低于100 mg/L时,苯胺的去除率可达90%左右。该研究为胶束絮凝分离溶解性有机物提供了实验参考。     

城市污泥生物沥浸法和化学法调理的效果比较——对污泥理化性质及其深度脱水性能的影响研究

分别用生物沥浸法（BC）、Fenton法和石灰/三氯化铁/PAM法（石灰法）对同一批城市污泥进行调理,并以常规PAM法（CC）为对照,探究不同调理后污泥的理化性质及其脱水性能的变化差异,并用流式细胞仪测定污泥中细胞裂解情况,以分析其机理.结果表明,BC法、Fenton法和石灰法均能大幅提高城市污泥脱水性能,表现在污泥过滤比阻（SRF）值仅为常规处理的0.43%~6.12%,尤其以石灰法处理脱水性能最佳.但BC法脱水泥饼中的有机质和养分能得到最大程度的保留,有机质（56.9%）、总氮（4.66%）、速效氮（0.47%）、矿化氮（1.80%）和总磷（1.60%）含量均远高于石灰法处理,而且污泥中重金属能被部分去除（Cr、Mn、Ni、Zn溶出率分别为18.7%、50.0%、48.7%和72.9%）,该处理的污泥最具资源化潜力.而石灰法脱水泥饼由于大量脱水剂添加导致有机质（49.5%）、总氮（3.55%）和总磷（1.20%）含量明显下降,且泥饼呈强碱性（pH值接近11）.脱水滤液中的sCOD（645mg/L）和TP（4.62mg/L）也显著高于其他处理.流式细胞仪测定结果显示,BC法、Fenton法和石灰法均能导致污泥微生物凋亡,活细胞数量由原始的86%降至75%左右,特别是石灰法对污泥中细胞的破解效果最为彻底,从而释放出更多内部水和胞内物质,这可能是引起其有机质和养分大量损失至脱水滤液中的原因之一.与Fenton法和石灰法调理相比,生物沥浸法既具有能大幅提高污泥脱水性能,脱水滤液水质相对较好的优点,又具有泥饼有机质和氮磷养分高,重金属含量低的优点.     

胞外聚合物(EPS)对污水处理影响的研究进展

胞外聚合物(EPS)是污水处理厂生物处理单元常见的微生物副产物,它的赋存情况对污水处理厂不同单元的影响不同。基于已有研究成果,总结了EPS的定义,对其架构、组成及功能等进行了详细描述;分别综述了EPS在生物处理单元对微生物生长、颗粒污泥的形成、微生物聚集体的絮凝与沉降性能的影响,在深度处理单元对渗透膜通透性、催化剂传质等性能的影响,在污泥处理单元对污泥消化和脱水性能的影响,并对EPS在不同污水处理单元的行为机理进行了汇总与探索;最后对未来EPS在污水处理中的研究方向与研究内容进行了展望。     

紫外光催化耦合化学絮凝工艺及其对腐殖酸抑制污泥发酵产酸的缓解效果

污泥热水解过程中释放的腐殖酸对厌氧发酵产挥发性脂肪酸存在抑制作用。针对该问题,采用单独使用紫外光催化或添加CaCl₂化学絮凝及2种方法的耦合,以达到腐殖酸改性和去除的目的。结果表明：单独采用紫外光催化,腐殖酸的去除率仅达到17.68%,污泥发酵产酸率由原本的17.72%提高至20.73%;单独采用化学絮凝,腐殖酸的去除率为35.21%,发酵产酸率为27.96%;光催化耦合CaCl₂化学絮凝后,腐殖酸胶体的Zeta电位上升至−1.76 mV,腐殖酸的去除率可达68.50%,污泥发酵产酸效率提高至31.64%。其主要原因是,光催化使得腐殖酸的荧光基团发生了脱落和重排,大分子变为可溶性更高的小分子,故增强了腐殖酸与其他物质之间的相互作用,从而提高了腐殖酸的可絮凝性;光催化改性后的腐殖酸可与Ca²⁺形成Ca-HA结合物,从而进一步降低了腐殖酸含量,最终缓解了腐殖酸对发酵产酸的抑制。本研究结果可为促进污泥发酵产酸、提高污泥有机物转化率提供参考。     

新型生物膜-微絮凝滤池与高密度沉淀-纤维转盘过滤深度处理污水厂尾水效能对比

为进一步去除污水厂二级处理出水中的氮、磷和悬浮污染物,对比研究了一种新型生物膜-微絮凝滤池与高密度沉淀-纤维转盘过滤联用工艺(以下简称组合工艺)的深度处理性能。结果表明：新型生物膜-微絮凝过滤的出水TP质量浓度≤0.1 mg·L⁻¹、$ {{\rm{PO}}_4^{3 - }}$-P质量浓度≤0.05 mg·L⁻¹、SS质量浓度≤10 mg·L⁻¹、TN质量浓度≤2 mg·L⁻¹、$ { {\rm{NO}}_3^ - }$-N质量浓度≤0.5 mg·L⁻¹;出水水质对受纳水体的环境影响小,综合污染指数仅为0.731,远小于组合工艺的2.734。此外,新型生物膜-微絮凝滤池避免了频繁的反冲洗,降低了反冲洗能耗,水处理成本仅为0.207元·m⁻³,比组合工艺低0.039元·m⁻³。     

聚硅酸阳离子絮凝剂处理印染废水

以工业废弃物为主要原料,经过同时聚合制备聚硅酸阳离子絮凝剂(PSiC)。实现硅酸缩合自聚、铁铝离子羟化聚合以及硅与铁铝离子聚合同步交互进行。利用PSiC处理印染废水,研究PSiC去除浊度、色度和和UV254的性能,分析其除污染机理。结果表明,PSiC处理印染废水时最佳投放量为80 mg/L,此时浊度和色度去除率分别达到50%和90%。废水pH为7、PSiC投加量80 mg/L时对印染废水UV254的去除率为65%。pH和投加量过大或过小都会降低PSiC去除UV254的效果。在混凝搅拌初期UV254迅速下降,停止搅拌后又略有所上升。沉淀初期UV254稍有波动,沉降10 min后基本趋于稳定。