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981.
982.
在总结有关海上大风预测研究成果的基础上,根据极值理论合理选取预测极值风速的极值分布计算模型:Gumbel分布和Poisson-Gumbel分布。根据山东近岸黄海26 a的风速观测资料,采用分风向统计数据和投影法处理数据,充分考虑风向和相邻风向的影响,形成十六个风向的年极值序列和过程极值序列样本;最后,用两种模型计算得到各个风向的极值风速预测结果,对比不考虑风向的计算结果,分析出黄海海域海洋风灾发生的时间规律和致灾风向,并对黄海海域的防风减灾提出合理建议。 相似文献
983.
李玥 《防灾技术高等专科学校学报》2012,(1):89-91
网络环境下图书馆防灾减灾问题是必须引起人们足够重视的问题。通过对引起图书馆网络灾害的各种因素进行分析,从制度建设、网络业务人员的培训、制定应急预案、加大网络安全建设的投入、加强网络的软硬件管理和创建异地容灾系统等方面进行了网络环境下图书馆防灾减灾问题的探讨。 相似文献
984.
985.
Silvia Danielak 《Disasters》2022,46(1):271-295
This paper spotlights post-disaster relief provision in Johannesburg, South Africa, following the floods of 2016 in a bid to explore how local government and non-governmental actors in the country conceive of compounding vulnerability and conflict within urban disaster governance. It reveals the diverse strategies employed to navigate violent conflict during the cyclical occurrence of disaster and reconstruction that the predominantly migrant population experiences in the Setswetla informal settlement, adjacent to the Alexandra township in northern Johannesburg. Rendered visible in moments of disaster and recovery are the spatial politics and multidimensional nature of conflict. These phenomena unfold across various levels of urban governance and in the affected community and effectively construct a disaster citizenship that makes risk reduction and community cohesion impossible in the eyes of disaster managers. This research, based on a set of expert interviews, integrates conflict and disaster studies to shed light on how the conflict–disaster interface materialises, and is operationalised, in an urban setting. 相似文献
986.
Rebecca L. Hale Courtney G. Flint Douglas Jackson‐Smith Joanna Endter‐Wada 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2018,54(5):1137-1150
With growing urban populations and climate change, urban flooding is an important global issue, even in dryland regions. Flood risk assessments are usually used to identify vulnerable locations and populations, flooding experience patterns, or levels of concern about flooding, but rarely are all of these approaches combined. Furthermore, the social dynamics of flood concerns, exposure, and experience are underexplored. We combined geographic and survey data on household‐level measures of flood experience, concern, and exposure in Utah's urbanizing Wasatch Front. We asked: (1) Are socially vulnerable groups more likely to be exposed to flood risk? (2) How common are flooding experiences among urban residents, and how are these experiences related to sociodemographic characteristics and exposure? and (3) How concerned are urban residents about flooding, and does concern vary by exposure, flood experience, and sociodemographic characteristics? Although floodplain residents were more likely to be White and have higher incomes, respondents who were of a racial/ethnic minority, were older, had less education, and were living in floodplains were more likely to report flood experiences and concern about flooding. Flood risk management approaches need to address social as well as physical sources of vulnerability to floods and recognize social sources of variation in flood experiences and concern. 相似文献
987.
Reservoir Sedimentation Rates in the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed,Oklahoma: Measurement and Controlling Factors 下载免费PDF全文
Daniel N. Moriasi Jean L. Steiner Sara E. Duke Patrick J. Starks Alan J. Verser 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2018,54(5):1011-1023
Forty‐five flood control reservoirs, authorized in the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act 1954, were installed by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) between 1969 and 1982 in the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed (LWREW), located in central Oklahoma. Over time, these reservoirs have lost sediment and flood storage capacity due to sedimentation, with rates dependent on upstream land use and climate variability. In this study, sedimentation rates for 12 reservoirs representing three major land use categories within LWREW were measured based on bathymetric surveys that used acoustic profiling system. Physiographic and climate attributes of drainage area of surveyed reservoirs were extracted from publicly available data sources including topographic maps, digital elevation models, USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service soils, and weather station databases. Correlation, principal component analysis, and stepwise regression were utilized to analyze the relationship between normalized reservoir sedimentation rates (ReSRa) and the drainage area characteristics to determine the major variables controlling sedimentation within the LWREW. Percent of drainage area with extreme slopes, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and maximum daily rainfall event recorded in spring explained most of the variability in ReSRa. It was also found that percent reduction in reservoir surface area can be used as a surrogate for estimating ReSRa. The implications of the results are discussed. 相似文献
988.
This paper examines local government and non‐governmental organisation (NGO) engagement in disaster response in the wake of the M/T Solar 1 oil spill in Guimaras, Western Visayas, Philippines, on 11 August 2006. It assesses the response activities of these two entities as well as the institutional factors that affected their interaction on the ground. Local government and NGO engagement was shaped by multi‐layered, overlapping, and oftentimes contending government‐designed response frameworks. Within these frameworks, government actors played the role of primary implementer and provider of relief, allowing them to determine who could be involved and the extent of their involvement. The absence of formal roles for NGOs in these frameworks not only undermines their ability to work in a setting where such institutional set‐ups are operational but also it reaffirms their ‘outsider’ status. This study of the Guimaras oil spill illustrates the complexity and the institutional difficulties inherent in disaster response and coordination in the Philippines. 相似文献
989.
美国的灾害应急管理及其对我国相关工作的启示 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13
在介绍美国灾害应急管理体系的基础上,结合中国实际,对美国气象灾害应急管理工作进行了分析,并借鉴其成功经验,提出了建立和完善中国气象灾害应急机制的一些措施。认为广泛吸纳国际社会在灾害应急管理方面的成功模式和经验,形成具有中国特色的现代化气象灾害应急管理机制,从而进一步加快中国气象灾害管理体系的建设,是科学应对气象灾害,减少人民生命财产损失,实现国家安全和经济社会可持续发展的一个重要举措。 相似文献
990.