Comparison of inclined plate sedimentation and dissolved air flotation for the minimisation of subsequent nitrogenous disinfection by-product formation

The formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), including both nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) and carbonaceous disinfection by-products (C-DBPs), was investigated upon chlorination of water samples following two treatment processes: (i) coagulation-inclined plate sedimentation (IPS)-filtration and (ii) coagulation-dissolved air flotation (DAF)-filtration. The removal of algae, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and UV₂₅₄ by coagulation-DAF-filtration was superior to coagulation-IPS-filtration. On average, 53%, 53% and 31% of DOC, DON and UV₂₅₄ were removed by coagulation-DAF-filtration process, which were higher than 47%, 31% and 27% of that by coagulation-IPS-filtration process. Additionally, coagulation-IPS-filtration performed less well at removing the low molecular weight organics than coagulation-DAF-filtration process. The concentrations of chloroform, dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm) and dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) formed during chlorination after coagulation-DAF-filtration reached their maximum values of 13, 1.5 and 4.7 μg L⁻¹, respectively, and were lower than those after coagulation-IPS-filtration with the maximum detected levels of 17, 2.9 and 6.3 μg L⁻¹. However, the trichloronitromethane (TCNM) concentration after the two processes was similar, suggesting that DON may have less of a contribution to TCNM formation than DCAcAm and DCAN.     

印染废水的治理及相关问题

文中讨论了水解酸化-好氧-生物炭及水解酸化-好氧-气浮工艺处理印染废水时的优缺点，采用上述工艺印染污水，可使CODcr：1000mg／L、BOD5：300mg／L、ss：300mg／L、色度：〉300倍的印染废水达标排放.     

高气泡表面积通量浮选柱气浮除藻的研究

湖泊、水库等水源的富营养化,使藻类去除成为饮用水生产的重要任务.本研究采用高气泡表面积通量浮选柱气浮除藻,考察了混凝剂、气泡表面积通量和浮选柱高度等因素的影响.试验表明,高气泡表面积通量浮选柱气浮可高效地去除绿藻、硅藻和蓝藻,叶绿素a和藻类去除率达95%以上,比传统浮选柱气浮和沉降作业有较大幅度提高.与普通气浮柱比较,高气泡表面积通量浮选柱增加了气泡与藻的碰撞几率,防止因大表观充气速率造成的紊流和扰动,使气泡/藻结合体有相对静态的浮升环境,避免了气泡/藻结合体在浮升过程中的脱落,实现对藻类的迅速捕集和转移.     

Transformations of particles, metal elements and natural organic matter in different water treatment processes

Characterizing natural organic matter （NOM）, particles and elements in different water treatment processes can give a useful information to optimize water treatment operations. In this article, transformations of particles, metal elements and NOM in a pilot-scale water treatment plant were investigated by laser light granularity system, particle counter, glass-fiber membrane filtration, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, ultra filtration and resin absorbents fractionation. The results showed that particles, NOM and trihalomethane formation precursors were removed synergistically by sequential treatment of different processes. Preozonation markedly changed the polarity and molecular weight of NOM, and it could be conducive to the following coagulation process through destabilizing particles and colloids; mid-ozonation enhanced the subsequent granular activated carbon （GAC） filtration process by decreasing molecular weight of organic matters. Coagulation-flotation and GAC were more efficient in removing fixed suspended solids and larger particles; while sand-filtration was more efficient in removing volatile suspended solids and smaller particles. Flotation performed better than sedimentation in terms of particle and NOM removal. The type of coagulant could greatly affect the performance of coagulation-flotation. Pre-hydrolyzed composite coagulant （HPAC） was superior to FeCl3 concerning the removals of hydrophobic dissolved organic carbon and volatile suspended solids. The leakages of flocs from sand-filtration and microorganisms from GAC should be mitigated to ensure the reliability of the whole treatment system.     

重金属有机废液及乳化油废液处理技术

采用化学沉淀／酸化破乳 物化处理组合工艺处理重金属有机废液和乳化油废液。为获得较好的效果，在处理过程中，将两种废水分别在不同的构筑物中进行预处理，而后由于处理工艺流程类似共用一套工艺。实践表明，该工艺处理效果好、运行稳定、各项指标均可达到《污水综合排放标准》GB8978—1996中的三级标准。     

印染废水处理技术探讨

阐述了物理化学法和生物法在印染废水处理中的应用.通过实例介绍了厌氧水解+射流曝气+气浮回流+混凝气浮工艺,运行结果表明在平均进水水质CODCr560mg/L,BOD5216mg/L,SS178mg/L,色度200倍的条件下,其去除率分别为86.5%、93.0%、81.0%和90.0%,出水水质可达到<广东省地方标准水污染物排放限值>(DB44/26-2001)中的一级标准.     

调理剂对CAF污泥浓缩工艺影响的试验研究

涡凹气浮（CAF）已广泛应用于工业废水和城市污水的预处理中.由于污泥本身的特性原因,CAF在污泥处理中尚没有应用.通过试验投加污泥调理剂改变污泥的特性,以达到将CAF工艺用于浓缩活性污泥的目的.试验表明,CAF工艺浓缩低浓度剩余活性污泥效果很好,但正确选择污泥调理剂的投加点和投加量对CAF污泥浓缩工艺至关重要.     

厌氧-气浮-UASB-SBR工艺处理酒精废水

介绍了厌氧-气浮-UASB-SBR处理工艺在酒精废水处理工程中的实际应用，分析并总结了工程设计及运行的经验。实践表明，经厌氧-气浮-UASB-SBR的工艺处理后，废水中COD和SS总去除效率分别可达到99．6％和99．8％以上，并可以回收大量的沼气和部分废水回用于生产过程中。该工艺具有运行稳定和处理效率高等优点，为企业带来了良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

炼油污水的深度处理技术研究

提出了一种经济合理的炼油污水深度处理工艺“浮选-生物过滤-臭氧催化氧化-高效过滤”。对辽河石化分公司污水场生化二沉池出水进行了中试处理试验,研究结果表明,出水的主要几项污染指标COD、油、浊度有明显的降低,可达到工业用水的要求。其中COD由原水的70mg／L～180mg／L降到15mg／L以下,油含量由原水的2．5mg／L～5．6mg／L降到0．5mg／L以下,总铁离子由原水的1．5mg／L降到O．3mg／L以下,总磷由原水的1～1．5mg／L降到O．5mg／L以下,试验效果比较理想。     

微波破乳-双旋流气浮处理含油污水试验

采用微波破乳-双旋流气浮工艺对三元复合驱采出水进行处理,含油污水首先经微波辅助破乳剂破乳,再采用双旋流气浮塔进行分离。考察了破乳剂破乳、微波破乳、微波辅助破乳剂破乳的效果,分析了双旋流气浮塔回流压力、充气量、泡沫层厚度及处理量对气浮除油效果的影响。试验结果表明:微波辅助破乳剂破乳的除油率达92.67%,比单一破乳剂破乳、微波辐射破乳的除油率分别高出5.67个百分点和24.55个百分点。在破乳剂Wd为50 mg/L,辐射功率为800 W,辐射时间为120 s,回流压力为0.10 MPa,充气量为0.75 L/min,泡沫层厚度为10 cm,处理量为0.3 L/min的试验条件下,复合工艺对含油污水的除油率可高达99.18%。