不同混接程度分流制雨水系统旱流水量及污染负荷来源研究

对上海市3个典型分流制雨水系统H、G、N的旱流污水水量水质进行了研究.在调查泵站运行情况、服务区域的特点的基础上,得出3个系统单位面积的截流水量分别为3 610、1 550和2 970 m3~/(km~2·d);生活污水混入比例分别为25%、85%、71%;H系统以地下水渗入为主,旱流污染程度最轻,G、N系统都以生活污水混入为主,旱流污染较为严重.对旱流污水可能的混接来源--灰水、黑水、地下水的水质特征进行了初步探索,提出以LAS/NH_4~+-N、NH_4~+-N/K、Mg/K 3个参数作为灰水、黑水和地下水的示踪水质参数,灰水的特点为LAS/NH_4~+-N>0.2、NH_4~+-N/K<1,包含黑水的生活污水的特点为LAS/NH_4~+-N<0.2、NH_4~+-N/K>1.在此基础上初步探讨了流程图法和CMBM法在雨水系统旱流溯源中的应用,得到的结果与水量水质综合分析的结果基本相符.研究结论和方法可为国内类似分流制雨水系统旱流来源的分析诊断以及后续改造工程提供指导.     

水污染源废水流量比对监测

介绍了中国水污染源排放口建设的基本要求,阐述了排放口各种堰槽构造和选用时应注意的问题,简要叙述了明渠流量计和管道流量计的测量原理,说明了各种流量计的安装要点、使用、雏护注意事项,以及流量比对监测方法和比对监测技术要求,各种流量计运行维护的质量控制和质量保证,并提出相关建议。     

水流条件巨大变化对有机污染物降解速率影响研究

以三峡库区江段主要有机污染水质指标BOD₅为例,通过经验分析与计算,深入研究三峡水库建成前后水流条件巨大变化对BOD₅生化降解系数K₁的影响,并建立了与水流条件相关的经验关系式.研究表明,三峡水库建成以后,随着水位抬高,流速减缓,单位时间内BOD₅降解速率K₁将明显减小.      

石灰石颗粒移动床脱硫过程影响因素的研究

探讨了以石灰石颗粒为脱硫剂、移动床反应器脱除二氧化硫过程的影响因素.结果表明,空床气速和液体喷淋密度是影响脱硫效率的主要因子,其次为二氧化硫浓度和烟气进口温度,而床层下移速度（大于65mm·h-1）对脱硫效率没有明显影响.当液体喷淋密度小于某一临界值时,脱硫效率随液体喷淋密度的增大而增大,但喷淋密度大于临界值后,脱硫效...     

曝气-过滤一体化装置脱氮除磷的研究

曝气-过滤一体化装置将生物反应器与过滤机理有机结合,较好地维持了反应器中的高污泥浓度,实现了水力停留时间（HRT）与污泥停留时间的分离。采用连续流间歇曝气工艺对该装置的脱氮除磷效果进行了研究。实验结果表明：在HRT为8h,运行方式为曝气2h、停曝2h的条件下,COD去除率为95．55％,NH3-N未检出,TN为84．90％,TP为93．69％,出水各项指标都达到了GB8978-1996（污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准要求。     

NZ-1型数字管道风速仪及其现场试验

NZ-Ⅰ型数字管道风速仪能显示不同压力、温度下管道气体流速值。     

CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY EVOLUTION AND OVERBANK FLOW IN THE GEORGIA PIEDMONT1

ABSTRACT: Historic changes in stream channel morphology were investigated in the Georgia Piedmont to better understand the hydrologic processes and functioning of the region's riverine systems. USGS gaging station data and channel geomorphology data were collected from thirty study sites in the Upper Oconee River Basin for flood frequency analysis. Historic and modern (i.e., present-day) channel capacity discharge (i.e., overbank flow) was calculated using Manning's equation and historic channel cross-section records. The recurrence interval for overbank flow was estimated for each site from flood frequency data. Results indicate that channel expansion has occurred throughout the basin, especially in upper reaches. Recurrence intervals for modern overbank events were variable and generally high ranging from < 2 to > 500 years for first to third order streams. They were less variable and lower for fourth and fifth order streams, ranging from < 2 to 3 years. Potential depositional thresholds were identified that exemplify the complex response of sediment distribution patterns throughout the basin. Results indicate overbank flows occur less frequently now than they once did due to historic accelerated sedimentation and subsequent channel expansion. One application of these findings is that these basin processes are likely applicable across the region and may impact the hydrologic functioning of associated Piedmont riverine wetlands that depend on flooding regimes.     

AUTOMATED METHODS FOR ESTIMATING BASEFLOW AND GROUND WATER RECHARGE FROM STREAMFLOW RECORDS1

ABSTRACT: To quantify and model the natural ground water recharge process, six sites located in the midwest and eastern United States where previous water balance observations had been made were compared to computerized techniques to estimate: (1) base flow and (2) ground water recharge. Results from an existing automated digital filter technique for separating baseflow from daily streamflow records were compared to baseflow estimates made in the six water balance studies. Previous validation of automated baseflow separation techniques consisted only of comparisons with manual techniques. In this study, the automated digital filter technique was found to compare well with measured field estimates yielding a monthly coefficient of determination of 0.86. The recharge algorithm developed in this study is an automated derivation of the Rorabaugh hydrograph recession curve displacement method that utilizes daily streamflow. Comparison of annual recharge from field water balance measurements to those computed with the automated recession curve displacement method had coefficients of determination of 0.76 and predictive efficiencies of 71 percent. Monthly estimates showed more variation and are not advocated for use with this method. These techniques appear to be fast, reproducible methods for estimating baseflow and annual recharge and should be useful in regional modeling efforts and as a quick check on mass balance techniques for shallow water table aquifers.     

介绍一种新编制的环境试验用相对湿度查算表

介绍了一种新的环境试验用相对湿度查算表及其编制目的、编制方法,该查算表用较小的篇幅实现更宽的温度和相对湿度的查算范围(与GB6999鄄86《环境试验用相对湿度查算表》比较)。该查算表中对风速与大气压的修正方法有与其他查算表不同的特点,它对提高相对湿度测量(查算)精度有一定的作用。     

使用含铁基质的水平潜流人工湿地间隙水亚铁离子及理化环境的动态变化

使用富含铁基质的水平潜流人工湿地,运行过程中,由于内部氧化还原和p H条件的变化,可能会导致基质中铁溶出,致使间隙水中亚铁离子增加,进而影响污水去除效率.本研究以使用富含铁基质的香蒲人工湿地系统为研究对象,分析了其处理富含有机物污水时,内部间隙水的亚铁离子、氧化还原电位(ORP)和p H时空变化特点.研究结果表明,各位点间隙水都含有较高浓度亚铁离子,范围为8.23~462.86 mg·L-1,远远高于进水中亚铁含量,表明运行过程中,基质铁大量溶出;内部各位点ORP在-236~40 m V之间,变化范围较大,多数位点ORP均为负值,表明整个湿地内部大部分区域处于厌氧状态,是污水中较高浓度有机物降解导致;ORP在水深方向逐渐下降,污水沿程方向是逐渐升高的,夏季ORP整体较高,春秋季较低.亚铁离子变化特点与ORP相反,ORP高的情况下,亚铁离子浓度较低,表明亚铁离子浓度受ORP影响.湿地内部各位点处的p H空间变化范围不大,在6.44~7.97之间,仍维持在中性范围.结合p H和ORP的分布特征可以得知,间隙水中亚铁离子应是基质中铁氧化物特别是三价铁氧物,络合和还原解离共同的产物.