防渗墙与帷幕墙防渗效果评价

为阻断某垃圾填埋场的甲烷气体向附近住宅区迁移的通道,防止甲烷气体给住宅区造成火灾爆炸灾害,在垃圾填埋场与住宅区之间修建了防渗墙和帷幕墙,并对其进行了跟踪监测.结果表明,防渗墙有效地阻隔了填埋场内甲烷气体向外迁移.     

当前危险废物治理工作存在的问题及建议

分析了国内当前危险废物治理工作中普遍存在的问题及原因,对解决这些问题的方法进行了探讨,并对危险废物的管理工作提出了建议,同时结合国内外的成功经验,提出了一些新的思路。     

不同来源污泥接种餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢效果研究

在相同接种配比(接种污泥占餐厨垃圾的质量分数为30%)条件下,研究了4种不同来源污泥(压滤污泥、厌氧污泥、曝气污泥和河底淤泥)添加或不添加缓冲剂时对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产氢效果的影响.结果发现,在不添加缓冲剂时.4种污泥接种餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵平均产氢量依次为厌氧污泥>河底淤泥>压滤污泥>曝气污泥,接种厌氧污泥的餐厨垃圾平均产氢量最高,达10.11mL(以每克挥发性固体(VS)计,下同);而添加缓冲剂时.4种污泥接种餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵平均产氢量依次为厌氧污泥>曝气污泥>压滤污泥>河底淤泥,接种厌氧污泥的餐厨垃圾平均产氢量也最高,为33.72 mL,且体系pH得以缓冲.     

Start-up performances of dry anaerobic mesophilic and thermophilic digestions of organic solid wastes

Two dry anaerobic digestions of organic solid wastes were conducted for 6 weeks in a lab-scale batch experiment for investigating the start-up performances under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. The enzymatic activities, i.e., β-glucosidase, N-α-benzoyl-Largininamide （BAA）-hydrolysing protease, urease and phosphatase activities were analysed. The BAA-hydrolysing protease activity during the first 2-3 weeks was low with low pH, but was enhanced later with the pH increase. β-Glucosidase activity showed the lowest values in weeks 1-2, and recovered with the increase of BAA-hydrolysing protease activity. Acetic acid dominated most of the total VFAs in thermophilic digestion, while propionate and butyrate dominated in mesophilic digestion. Thermophilic digestion was confirmed more feasible for achieving better performance against misbalance, especially during the start-up period in a dry anaerobic digestion process.     

生物质气化灰的肥效试验研究

通过试验对生物质气化发电的副产物--生物质气化灰的肥效进行研究.结果表明,在施肥量相同的条件下,添加生物质气化灰的试样,除黄瓜外,空心菜、油麦菜、樱桃萝卜、上海青试样的发芽时间都略早于单施化学肥料的试样; 后期长势也明显优于单施化学肥料的试样,叶片厚而有光泽; 前者在生长过程中没有虫害现象,后者有虫害现象.在生物质气化灰中添加氮、磷的试样比施单一肥料的试样长势好.研究表明,生物质气化灰具有替代钾肥的广阔市场前景.     

An approach to tackling the environmental and health impacts of municipal solid waste disposal in developing countries

Indiscriminate disposal of municipal solid waste in developing countries poses severe environmental and health threats. The study proposes a new method for dealing with these problems. The hybrid structural interaction matrix (HSIM) was used to prioritise major identifiable environmental health factors arising from improper solid waste disposal. The simplistic resource allocation model was adopted to ensure optimality in the allocation of resources to prioritised factors. The study indicates that tackling environmental health impacts from the most prioritised negative disposal factors through optimal allocation of resources, will either reduce or eliminate the impacts associated with subsequent less prioritised factors that are direct consequences of the highly prioritised negative factors. The method proposed will aid decision makers in knowing which set of systemic factors are to be given preference and to what extent at given periods in time.     

Atmospheric Monitoring at Abandoned Mercury Mine Sites in Asturias (NW Spain)

Mercury concentrations are usually significant in historic Hg mining districts all over the world, so the atmospheric environment is potentially affected. In Asturias, northern Spain, past mining operations have left a legacy of ruins and Hg-rich wastes, soils and sediments in abandoned sites. Total Hg concentrations in the ambient air of these abandoned mine sites have been investigated to evaluate the impact of the Hg emissions. This paper presents the synthesis of current knowledge about atmospheric Hg contents in the area of the abandoned Hg mining and smelting works at ‘La Peña–El Terronal’ and La Soterraña, located in Mieres and Pola de Lena districts, respectively, both within the Caudal River basin. It was found that average atmospheric Hg concentrations are higher than the background level in the area (0.1 μg Nm^?3), reaching up to 203.7 μg Nm^?3 at 0.2 m above the ground level, close to the old smelting chimney at El Terronal mine site. Data suggest that past Hg mining activities have big influences on the increased Hg concentrations around abandoned sites and that atmospheric transfer is a major pathway for Hg cycling in these environments.     

医疗废物焚烧过程脱硫机理和试验

医疗废物中包括含有硫分的橡胶,焚烧时会产生SO2从而污染环境,因此医疗废物在焚烧处理时需要进行脱硫。应用HSC热力学软件计算可知,医疗废物焚烧炉内喷入脱硫剂在燃烧过程脱硫,脱硫效果最好的脱硫剂是CaO,然后是Ca(OH)2,CaCO3。综合各种因素,选用CaCO3做脱硫剂进行焚烧过程脱硫试验。试验结果表明:温度对脱硫有着重要的影响,最佳脱硫温度为830～870℃左右;随着Ca/S摩尔比的增大脱硫率增大,但增加的速度却趋于平缓,所得最佳Ca/S摩尔比为2.5。     

回转窑焚烧炉在医疗废物处理中的应用

在医疗废物焚烧处理中,对于炉型的选择一直是工程设计人员最为关心的问题,也是关系医疗废物的处置是否能够真正达到无害化、减量化、资源化,特别是达到无害化处置目的的核心因素,在此通过西北某市医疗废物焚烧处理工艺设计,共同探讨回转窑焚烧炉在医疗废物焚烧处理中的应用。