制糖废水的主要处理工艺及发展方向刍议

制糖废水是一种高浓度的有机废水,按污染程度可分为低浓度废水、中浓度废水、高浓度废水三种类型。这种废水的主要处理工艺有物化法和生化法,以及各种方法相结合的组合工艺。本文就这种废水的处理方法作简要综述,分析各处理工艺的优缺点,为制糖废水的处理提供参考,最后提出制糖废水的处理发展方向。     

高效低温聚磷菌的筛选及特性研究

通过人工模拟自然降温的方式,从A2/O反应器驯化污泥中筛选到低温条件下聚磷效果较好的三株功能菌株P1、P2、P3,经试验得到一种分离聚磷菌效果较好的方法 -稀释混合平板法;分析研究三株菌的聚磷效果、生化特性,测定三株菌的多维生长曲线,研究了温度、pH、微量元素对这三株菌的生长量及除磷率的影响,结果表明,三株菌的生长最适温度均为15℃,适宜的生长和除磷pH为中性偏碱。最后用分子生物学的方法对三株菌进行鉴定,三株菌均属于不动杆菌属的约氏不动杆菌(A cinetobacter Johnson ii)。     

丹河晋城段水质评价及变化趋势分析

采用综合水质标识指数法对丹河晋城段在2006年-2010年间6个断面水质进行了综合评价,分析结果表明6个断面水质在2010年均能达标,各类水质污染物中,氨氮在丹河晋城段超标范围最广,超标程度较深,是影响丹河水质的主要污染物。同时应用Speraman秩相关系数法对丹河晋城段6个断面在近5年间的水质变化趋势进行探究,分析结果表明丹河晋城段6个断面中水东桥和后寨两个断面水质呈显著好转趋势,其它4个断面水质变化比较稳定。     

南京市水质自动站的发展趋势及管理模式探讨

从水质自动站发展特点和管理两个方面,阐述了南京市水质自动站的做法和经验,总结了水质自动站的发展趋势。     

Cross-country income disparity and its effect on carbon emissions

This study is motivated by the interesting relationship between the income Kuznets curve and the carbon Kuznets curve.This paper focuses on the interaction effects of income distribution and income per capita on CO₂ emissions using country group panel data over the period of 1980 to 2006 by employing fixed effects（FE）,random effects（RE）and feasible generalized least squares（FGLS）estimation methods.The main findings are as follows.（1）There exists an inverted-U relationship between CO₂ emissions per capita and income per capita in all sample countries and high-income groups.（2）The cross-country income disparity has a negative effect on the average level of CO₂ emissions but a positive effect on the aggregate income elasticity of CO₂ emissions.（3）This negative effect of income disparity on the average level of CO₂emissions decreases along with the growth of per capita income.Thus,economic growth contributes to the reduction of this negative impact.     

Index System and Influence of Drought in Northwest China

Abstract

In this paper, the index systems of the agricultural drought and decrease percentage of grain crop are established. The trend and influence of drought in the region is analyzed based on the 50 years (1951–2000) statistical data of precipitation and 52 years (1951–2002) agricultural drought of the region, including five provinces: Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Xinjiang. The result shows that the drought disaster is increasing and the most serious were in the 1970s and 1990s, and main agricultural drought is a great disaster incident. The regression prediction equation of drought and flood grades and agricultural drought areas grades are set up by the harmonic wave method, and forecasting the drought will lighten during the first ten years of the 21st century.     

Spatio-temporal variation of near-surface wind speed over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1970 to 2020北大核心CSCD

基于1970-2020年青藏高原区域及其附近154个气象站点的风速风向观测数据,采用线性拟合等方法,分析该地区年平均和季节平均近地面风速的时空分布特征和日变化特征.结果表明:(1)青藏高原区域1970-2020年年均风速在0.6-4.2m/s之间,青藏高原主体年均风速较高,高原周边地区风速较低;(2)青藏高原区域1970-2020年间近地面风速呈极显著下降趋势,2000年以后呈极显著增加趋势;(3)青藏高原区域1970-2020年间近地面风速春季最大,冬、夏次之,秋季最小,不同季节平均风速均是高原主体大于高原周边,4个季节的平均风速均呈极显著降低趋势,春季平均风速降低的速率最大;(4)大气环流驱动力的减弱可能是青藏高原区域地面风速呈减弱趋势的主导性因素.青藏高原近地面风速显著的变化特征可为青藏高原风能资源开发利用、农林生态系统开发与保护等提供科学依据.(图5参46)     

Regulating non-precious transition metal nitrides bifunctional electrocatalysts through surface/interface nanoengineering for air-cathodes of Zn-air batteries

Zn-air batteries (ZABs), especially the secondary batteries, have engrossed a great interest because of its high specific energy, economical and high safety. However, due to the insufficient activity and stability of bifunctional electrocatalysts for air-cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) processes, the practical application of rechargeable ZABs is seriously hindered. In the effort of developing high active, stable and cost-effective electrocatalysts, transition metal nitrides (TMNs) have been regarded as the candidates due to their high conductivity, strong corrosion-resistance, and bifunctional catalytic performance. In this paper, the research progress in TMNs-based material as ORR and OER electrocatalysts for ZABs is discussed with respect to their synthesis, chemical/physical characterization, and performance validation/optimization. The surface/interface nanoengineering strategies such as defect engineering, support binding, heteroatom introduction, crystal plane orientation, interface construction and small size effect, the physical and chemical properties of TMNs-based electrocatalysts are emphasized with respect to their structures/morphologies, composition, electrical conductivity, specific surface area, chemical stability and corrosion resistance. The challenges of TMNs-based materials as bifunctional air-cathode electrocatalysts in practical application are evaluated, and numerous research guidelines to solve these problems are put forward for facilitating further research and development.     

乡村振兴背景下县域农业农村创新发展评价及空间格局——以甘肃省为例

实施农业农村现代化创新发展措施,将有效促使乡村振兴战略长远推进,形成我国农业农村创新发展的新局面。基于甘肃省86个县域研究单元,从创新投入、创新保障、创新效果三个维度构建了包含28个二级指标的农业农村创新发展评价指标体系,就农村地区创新发展水平进行综合评价。结果表明：（1）甘肃省农业农村整体创新发展得分呈上升趋势,但增长幅度较为缓慢。综合创新能力得分较高的县（区）主要集中在河西地区东部,得分较低的县（区）主要集中在南部民族地区。河西地区创新保障和创新效果水平处于全省前列,南部民族地区创新投入水平较低。（2）全省农业农村创新发展在东西方向上表现为西高东低,2013年以后逐渐表现出“两头高、中间低”趋势;在南北方向上表现北高南低;在东南—西北方向上呈现出西北高、东南低;在西南—东北方向上呈现出东北高、西南低。创新发展指数方向特征未发生明显变化,在空间上具有一定的锁定性。（3）创新发展热点区域集中在河西地区张掖市、武威市及金昌市,冷点区域集中分布在南部民族地区;极冷点区和极热点区数量减少,县域农业农村创新发展差距在减小。（4）多元资本投入、农业经济发展、自然地理条件及资源禀赋、农业基础设施配置、农业发展政策等通过内外因素结合创新发展供需两侧作用于甘肃省农业农村创新发展时空演化。     

近35年中国资源环境承载力评价：脉络、热点及展望

在运用CITESPACE、ORIGN、Data-Driven Documents等软件计量统计核心期刊及核心学者的基础上,系统回顾近35年中国资源环境承载力评价研究的发展历程,梳理研究热点,提出研究展望。结果显示：（1）中国资源环境承载力评价遵循“单要素”—“多要素”—“动态集成”评价的轨迹,应用研究沿回答“人口容量”—“区域发展单方面问题”—“区域发展多方面问题”的方向演进;（2）以“科学评价—机理揭示—实际应用”逻辑梳理研究热点,学者们主要运用指标体系法、综合评价法、足迹类等方法测算承载力,并以测算结果为支撑,通过总结承载力时空分布规律、判别影响因子、揭示作用机制,发挥承载力在促进区域经济发展、推进新型城镇化、优化国土空间及监测预警与模拟预测等应用方面的支撑作用;（3）基于以上,提出未来应在学科交叉性、评价指标特异性与先进性、机理揭示深入性、承载力评价动态性等四个研究方向进行优化与深入。