提高CEMS监测准确率技术浅析

分析了CEMS及相关仪表的测量方法和测量原理,并针对运营维护过程中出现的问题,提出有效的解决方法,提高了CEMS测量准确率,以保证CEMS设备的稳定运行,同时确保监测数据准确上传,为环境保护相关部门提供有效的数据支持。     

周集铁矿水包油型乳状钻井液破乳问题研究

钻井液的配方和特性对钻井液体系的稳定性与钻进能否顺利完成有着直接的关系。针对周集铁矿ZK1725井钻井液体系的破乳问题进行了试验研究。将OP-10、吐温-80、司盘-80分别加入皂化油中制成乳状钻井液,并测试其稳定性,结果发现含有OP-10、吐温-80的乳状液有防破乳的功效,同时测定这两个样品的润滑性,发现加入OP-10或吐温-80会使水包油型乳状钻井液的润滑性下降;后续试验中测试了加入皂化油和OP-10的某水基泥浆的性能,结果发现加入这两种药品使得该体系的黏度提高较少,而润滑性提高了67%,可见OP-10对于钻井液性能的影响微乎其微。     

主要入太湖河流污染物总量及治污措施分析

根据2008年度江苏省太湖流域15条主要入湖河流污染物（高锰酸盐指数、氨氮和总磷）每月一次的监测数据,分析15条主要入湖河流2008年度水质状况,并与2005年进行比较;计算2008年入湖河流污染物入湖总量,根据太湖水污染主要原因,提出治理建议。     

膜生物反应器（MBR）技术研究及其在国内应用现状

摘要：膜生物反应器（MBR）是一种膜分离单元与生物处理单元相结合的新型污水处理技术,在污水处理与曰用、垃圾渗滤液处理方面有良好的应用前景。本文阐述了MBR技术特点、分类、在生活污水处理、工业废水处理、垃圾渗滤液处理等方面的应用、存在的问题、以及研究发展方向。预测MBR将有巨大的发展潜力。     

电伴热带在液体物料管线上的应用

介绍了电伴热带的工作原理以及在石油化工企业中液体物料管线上的实际应用效果。对运行过程中出现的故障原因进行了分析,并介绍了故障点定位检测方法的研究及处理经验。     

水污染预警DSS系统框架下的白河水质预警模型研究

为了应对频发的水环境污染事故,在污染事故发生后快速有效地制定应急响应措施,保护水环境,有必要在水源保护区建立水污染预警DSS系统,重点对系统建立的核心与难点——水质预警模型进行研究.密云水库是北京市最重要的地表水源地,以密云水库上游的白河为研究区域建立水污染预警DSS系统,设计水污染预警DSS系统的三层结构框架,将控制端、核心预警模型、GIS空间数据库紧密联合起来;在此基础上对核心预警模型的建模过程、参数取值等进行研究;最后以典型污染物氰化钠为例,设置水污染事故情景以及应急措施预案情景,进行了情景模拟分析.实例研究表明,此水质预警模型能够较准确地对污染发展趋势进行分析预测,并对不同的应急处理方案的实施效果进行模拟分析,模拟结果能够支持应急方案的制定与优选决策,达到了DSS系统的功能需求.     

Pre-pupation behaviour of the aphid parasitoid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aphidius ervi</Emphasis> (Haliday) and its consequences for pre-imaginal learning

Olfactory learning may occur at different stages of insect ontogeny. In parasitoid wasps, it has been mostly shown at adult emergence, whilst it remains controversial at pre-imaginal stages. We followed larval growth of the parasitoid wasp, Aphidius ervi Haliday, inside the host aphid, Acyrthosiphom pisum Harris, and characterised in detail the behaviour of third instar larvae. We found that just before cocoon spinning begins, the third instar larva bites a hole through the ventral side of the mummified aphid exoskeleton. We then evaluated whether this period of exposure to the external environment represented a sensitive stage for olfactory learning. In our first experiment, the third instar larvae were allowed to spin their cocoon on the host plant (Vicia faba L.) surface or on a plastic plate covering the portion of the host plant exposed to the ventral opening. Recently emerged adults of the first group showed a preference for plant volatiles in a glass Y-olfactometer, whereas no preference was found in adults of the second group. In a second experiment, during the period in which the aphid carcass remains open or is being sealed by cocoon spinning, third instar larvae were exposed for 24 h to either vanilla odours or water vapours as control. In this experiment, half of the parasitoid larvae were later excised from the mummy to avoid further exposure to vanilla. Adult parasitoids exposed to vanilla during the larval ventral opening of the mummy showed a significant preference for vanilla odours in the olfactometer, regardless of excision from the mummy. The larval behaviour described and the results of the manipulations performed are discussed as evidences for the acquisition of olfactory memory during the larval stage and its persistence through metamorphosis.     

机动车加油过程中气液两相流动特性的CFD数值模拟

随着环保法规的不断完善,机动车加油过程中所产生的油气排放污染问题越来越受到重视.国外自20世纪90年代中后期开始采用数值模拟手段对机动车的加油过程进行研究,而国内迄今尚处于空白阶段.对机动车加油过程所涉及的＂加油枪喷嘴＋加油管＋油箱＋回气管＂物理体系进行适当简化,采用商业计算流体动力学（CFD）软件Fluent中提供的VOF气液两相流模型和RNG k-ε湍流模型,在基于Gambit软件确定网格划分方案和进行适当的边界条件设置后,建立了合理可行的加油过程气液两相流动CFD数值模拟模型,讨论了加油速度对油箱内气相空间静压力的影响,揭示了汽油在加油管内的回流现象.结果表明,加油枪的流量越大,油箱内气相空间的静压总体上也逐渐增大;同时油箱内气相空间的静压总体上可以划分为3个较为明显的阶段.而当加油流量较大时,往往会引起汽油在加油管油帽段内回流,从而使得加油枪过早跳枪.本研究为国内自主开展机动车加油以及油气排放污染控制技术和设备方面的研究开发奠定了一定基础.     

Numerical simulation of the thermal inertia of an adiabatic reaction calorimeter in reaction thermal safety process

Obtaining accurate thermal risk assessment parameters of chemical processes and substance properties is essential for improving the safety of chemical production and substance use and storage, and the adiabatic reaction calorimeter (ARC) has been employed by many researchers for this purpose. However, with the improvement and upgrading of the instrument, an examination of the factors that affect its detection accuracy is warranted. A simplified reaction model of the adiabatic thermal decomposition of tert-butyl peroxyacetate was constructed using computational fluid dynamics in which the adiabatic thermal decomposition kinetic model and fluid-solid coupling model were combined to simulate heat transfer. To verify the reliability of the parameters of the numerical calculation model, the effects of the sample cell's material, wall thickness, and mass were investigated in relation to the thermal inertia of the ARC. The results indicated that the thermal inertia of the system was lowest when the sample cell was composed of titanium. When the sample pool's composition is determined, the thermal inertia of the system can be reduced to a certain extent through an approximate increase in the sample mass. Finally, an analysis of the heat flow cloud diagram of the wall of sample pools made from different materials revealed that the thermal conductivity of titanium was high; this information can assist in controlling the adiabatic process.