污泥处理热干燥工艺的研究进展

介绍了国外污泥热干燥工艺的现状和干燥设备的类型,阐述了热干燥方法,包括对撞流干燥、过热蒸汽干燥、燃气红外辐射干燥、间壁式热干燥和流化干燥等,及其在污泥干燥中的应用原理和发展。并分析了污泥干燥处理技术综合利用的几种途径和发展趋势,认为污泥热干燥技术拓展了污泥的处置手段,为污泥的安全、可靠利用与处理提供了保障。     

Self-sustained catalytic combustion of CO enhanced by micro fluidized bed: stability operation,fluidization state and CFD simulation

● Catalytic combustion in fluidized bed realizes efficient heat and mass transfer. ● Catalytic combustion in fluidized bed reduces the lean combustion limits. ● Catalytic combustion and flame combustion can be coupled. ● The diffusion/kinetics limited reaction model is suitable for catalytic combustion. A micro fluidized bed reactor was used to study the self-sustaining catalytic combustion of carbon monoxide (CO). The Cu_1−xCe_xO_y catalyst, as well as the pure CuO and CeO₂, are used to investigate the contributing mechanism of different active sites including dispersed CuO and Cu–Ce solid solutions. The ignition temperature (T_i) of CO over these catalysts at a flow rate of 2000 mL/min followed the order: 74 °C (Cu_0.5Ce_0.5O_y) < 75 °C (Cu_0.25Ce_0.75O_y) < 84 °C (Cu_0.75Ce_0.25O_y) < 105 °C (CuO) < 500 °C (CeO₂). Furthermore, the lean combustion limits (equivalence ratio ϕ) over these catalysts under the flow rates of 750–3000 mL/min (through fixed, bubbling, and fluidized bed) were also measured, which are Cu_0.5Ce_0.5O_y < Cu_0.25Ce_0.75O_y < Cu_0.75Ce_0.25O_y < CuO < CeO₂. The fluidized bed was simulated using the Eulerian two-fluid model (TFM) coupled with a diffusion/kinetic-limited reaction model to evaluate the influence of operation conditions on the self-sustained combustion of CO. The predicted maximum temperature agreed with the experimental measurements, demonstrating the validity of the kinetic model and simulation parameters. The results of catalytic combustion with increasing CO concentrations suggest that the catalytic combustion reaction could co-exist with the flamed combustion. When a high concentration of CO is used, a blue-purple flame caused by CO combustion appears in the upper part of the fluidized bed, indicating that the range of CO-containing exhaust gas purification could be expanded to a larger range using the fluidized-bed catalytic combustion technique.     

嗜盐菌的筛选及原油降解性能简

油气开发过程含油废液中过高的盐含量是影响其生物处理效果不佳的一个重要因素。针对含油废液的特点,实验从油田废弃泥浆中筛选分离出一株高效嗜盐降解菌,该菌呈杆状,经BIOLOG鉴定系统与分子序列鉴定分析,该菌为芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis strain;研究了嗜盐菌的耐盐碱性及原油降解性能,结果表明,该菌适宜于碱性环境,适盐浓度范围为5 000~200 000 mg/L,7 d内对高盐含油模拟废水中原油的降解率高达60%,最佳降解条件为：菌液/培养液体积比1：12.5,pH=9,NaCl浓度范围为10 000~50 000 mg/L,最佳N源和P源分别为（NH₂）₂CO和K₂HPO₄·3H₂O。嗜盐菌的研究为高盐含油废液的生物处理拓展了一条新的技术途径。     

原子吸收测定污水中可溶性硫化物试验研究

无火焰原子吸收法测定可溶性硫化物的基本原理是使水中硫化物与硝酸银反应,生成硫化银沉淀,沉淀过滤后用原子吸收分光光度计测定剩余银含量,间接测定硫化物含量。本文通过对无火焰原子吸收法测定银含量过程中的各种条件试验,并加以分析研究。实验表明此方法具有测定灵敏度高,背景值测定具有优越性等特点,完全满足污水中硫化物监测的需要。     

石灰(石)湿法烟气脱硫的化学原理及化学动力学特性并探讨该法的应用

本工作从理论上分析了石灰（石）湿式洗涤法脱烟气中二氧化硫的化学原理并结合实验进行了该法的化学动力学特性、再碳酸化问题及洗涤液循环系统的研究,结果表明：净化器内洗涤温度控制在６０℃以下,液气比大于４０Ｋｇ／ｍ３,洗涤液ｐＨ值控制在７９的情况下,脱硫效果较佳     

再入飞行振动环境试验等效性探讨

目的 提高再入体实验室模拟再入飞行振动环境的等效性,确保地面环境试验结果 的可靠性.方法 首先分析再入飞行过程中受脉动压力等因素影响诱发的振动环境载荷特征.其次,基于飞行实测数据,分析再入飞行振动响应的空间分布规律和频域能量分布特征.最后,将飞行试验实测数据与传统实验室振动模拟试验结果 进行对比,从载荷传递规律、空间分...     

钻井污水化学需氧量的研究

针对石油工业钻井污水高化学需氧量（ＣＯＤ）严重超标的状况,对钻井污水的化学需氧量进行研究。分折测定了８种钻井液添加剂（ＰＡＮ、ＰＡＭＩ、ＨＰＡＮ、柴油、磺化沥青、ＸＹ２７、ＣＭＣ、ＦＡ３６７）的ＣＯＤ;重点探讨了钻井液添加剂对钻井污水ＣＯＤ的影响,同时对钻井污水ＣＯＤ处理效果的影响进行了研究。实验结果表明,不同钻井液添加剂对钻井污水的ＣＯＤ的影响程度各不相同;钻井污水中ＣＯＤ值严重超标的主要因素是钻井液添加剂;并且钻井液添加剂浓度与其对应的ＣＯＤ之间存在良好的一元线性关系。根据一元线性回归方程可较好地预测油田现场各钻井液添加剂对ＣＯＤ的影响,为解决钻井污水处理这一难题提供科学依据。     

便携式烟气SO_2监测仪的原理与应用

便携式烟气ＳＯ２ 监测仪目前已经成为锅炉污染源监测的主要手段。从仪器的原理入手,通过介绍仪器的结构和工作过程,对仪器应用中的标定、校准、现场测试的步骤给以介绍,并给出了仪器法和碘量法的对比测试结果。     

3-D dispersion model for simulation of accidental toxic gas releases in a metropolitan area

Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations were performed to assess the potential chlorine leak scenario in the super-urban area of South Korea, where the human population density is very high and numerous buildings exist near operational water treatment facilities. Flame acceleration simulator (FLACS) was used to predict the consequence from accidental chlorine releases out of one of the water treatment facilities for the nearby area having a size of 5 km × 3 km approximately. The ability to precisely implement 3-D geometries is crucial for a successful 3-D simulation. Thus, a method was proposed to rapidly and accurately implement geometry by importing computer aided-design (CAD) files provided by a government agency, and processing them using Auto CAD and MicroStation software programs. An accidental release from an 18-ton tank was simulated with three different wind directions to determine the expected evacuation distances. Results from the study showed that the endpoint distances varied depending on the density and arrangement of the buildings. Moreover, we employed physical barriers with varying heights for mitigating the effects of toxic gas releases and simulated how effectively they decreased the concentration of released chlorine.     

消防自动喷水灭火系统的探讨

本文介绍了自动喷水灭火系统的发展和技术进步,阐述了自动喷水灭火系统的分类、结构和原理,指出了其应用优势和发展方向。