Explosion pressure prediction via polynomial mathematical correlation based on advanced CFD Modelling

Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD can be used as a powerful tool supporting engineers throughout the steps of the design. The combination of CFD with response surface methodology can play an important role in such cases. During the conceptual engineering design phase, a quick response is always a matter of urgency. During this phase even a sketch of the geometrical model is rare. Therefore, the utilisation of typical response surface developed for congested and confined environment rather than CFD can be an important tool to help the decision making process, when the geometrical model is not available, provided that similarities can be considered when taking into account the characteristic of the geometry in which the response surface was developed. The present work investigates how three different types of response surfaces behave when predicting overpressure in accidental scenarios based on CFD input. First order, partial second order and complete second order polynomial expressions are investigated. The predicted results are compared with CFD findings for a classical offshore experiment conducted by British Gas on behalf of Mobil and good agreement is observed for higher order response surfaces. The higher order response surface calculations are also compared with CFD calculations for a typical offshore module and good agreement is also observed.     

中石油企业可接受风险标准初步研究

本文根据可接受风险标准的确定方法和制定原则,提出了中石油企业可接受风险标准,包括员工个人可接受风险标准和员工社会可接受风险标准。     

Do statistical inferences allowing three alternative decisions give better feedback for environmentally precautionary decision-making?

Environmental policies and guidelines often specify standards for environmental indicators. The first part of this paper argues that, where compliance with these standards is assessed with the help of statistical inference, an inference employing a three-alternatives decision rule can provide more sensible feedback to environmental managers for precautionary decision-making. The second part of the paper shows how a three-alternatives statistical inference about compliance with a percentile standard might be applied to a small number of observations using a non-parametric binomial interval. This interval expression of uncertainty results in the sample size requirements for various percentile ranks becoming explicit.     

柴油车尾气处理液应用展望

尾气处理液是柴油车尾气处理SCR技术中所必需的还原剂。本文通过分析柴油车尾气的排放情况及SCR技术应用发展趋势,着重介绍了柴油车尾气处理液的研究现状及应用情况,总结了尾气处理液应用中存在的问题并阐明了后续的发展方向。     

委托代理理论视角下特种设备安全监管改进研究

针对特种设备数量和种类不断增多与安全监管力量不足问题,首先阐述特种设备安全监管内涵,分析其涉及的委托代理关系;然后基于委托代理理论构建特种设备安全监管委托代理数学模型,并利用激励相容约束条件讨论监管力度、安全投入、公众信任度等因素对特种设备安全监管效果的影响及内在机制;最后提出进一步提高特种设备安全水平的改进策略.结果...     

除尘风机磨损的数值分析:叶型和粒度分布的影响

采用CFD技术,基于RNGk-ε紊流模型和磨损模型,研究了不同叶型除尘风机的流场和磨损率,证实了后倾型叶片比直叶片能优化流场,改善磨损,使风机使用寿命延长5倍。计算了一定粒度分布的粒子对后倾叶片中的磨损率。结果表明,颗粒粒径和数量浓度的大小是决定磨损程度的重要因素。因此去除大粒径粉尘、降低小粒径粉尘的数量浓度,是减轻叶片磨损的重要途径之一,更是除尘设备的工作方向。     

泄爆容器中粉尘爆炸的试验研究与数值模拟

为了解泄爆容器中粉尘爆炸的发展过程,采用试验和数值模拟相结合的方法对玉米淀粉在圆柱形容器内的泄爆过程进行研究。数值模型采用欧拉–拉格朗日方法模拟粉尘爆炸的两相流问题,通过求解非稳态的湍流两相反应流守恒方程对试验进行二维仿真。试验和模拟结果表明,点火位置对爆炸发展过程有明显影响,点火位置离泄爆口越远,容器中的最大泄爆压力Pred,max越高。在粉尘爆炸的安全防护设计中,应把点火位置作为重要影响因素之一加以考虑。     

Numerical and experimental study on flame spread over conveyor belts in a large-scale tunnel

Conveyor belt fires in an underground mine pose a serious life threat to the miners. This paper presents numerical and experimental results characterizing a conveyor belt fire in a large-scale tunnel. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to simulate the flame spread over the conveyor belt in a mine entry. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests were conducted for the conveyor belt and results were used to estimate the kinetic properties for modeling the pyrolysis process of the conveyor belt burning. The CFD model was calibrated using results from the large-scale conveyor belt fire experiments. The comparison between simulation and test results shows that the CFD model is able to capture the major features of the flame spread over the conveyor belt. The predicted maximum heat release rate, and maximum smoke temperature are in good agreement with the large-scale tunnel fire test results. The calibrated CFD model can be used to predict the flame spread over a conveyor belt in a mine entry under different physical conditions and ventilation parameters to aid in the design of improved fire detection and suppression systems, mine rescue, and mine emergency planning.     

油田采出系统中空化防垢技术室内研究

以大庆油田采出污水为母液,配置不同硅离子浓度的采出液,考察了起始硅离子浓度不同时油田采出液中的结垢因子经过空化防垢装置处理后的变化规律。结果表明:在经过空化防垢装置处理后,Ca2+、Mg2+浓度的下降得到一定的抑制;该装置对硅垢有一定的防垢作用,特别是对中、高浓度硅体系的防垢效果明显。     

基于缓和原则的粉尘爆炸风险控制研究

为了将本质安全原理中的缓和原则与粉尘爆炸事故的风险控制联系起来,利用Swiek20 L球形爆炸装置考察了烟煤粉、甘薯粉和镁粉的最大爆炸压力、最大爆压上升速率和爆炸下限等特性,重点考察了点火能量、环境压力以及添加惰化剂等因素的影响。结果表明:降低点火能量能有效缩减粉尘可燃浓度范围,提高粉尘爆炸下限;爆炸危害正相关于环境压力;碳酸钙和碳酸氢钠能有效抑制烟煤尘爆炸,且碳酸钙抑爆效果更好;氯化钾对镁尘爆炸动力学特性的抑制效果更好,而碳酸钙对镁尘爆炸热力学特性的抑制效果更好,且小粒径的惰化剂表现出更好的抑爆炸能力。降低点火能量、控制环境压力和添加惰化剂均可降低粉尘爆炸危害,有助于控制粉尘爆炸风险。